Plasma Amino Acid Appearance and Disappearance, Postprandial Metabolic Events
Conditions
Keywords
Postprandial metabolic events
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to investigate the postprandial metabolic responses to plant-based meat alternatives made from different protein ingredients (pea, wheat or soy protein) in comparison to chicken in healthy adults. Therefore, young healthy subjects consume 4 test meals with 40 g of protein from pea protein, wheat protein, soy protein or chicken in a randomized order. In a postprandial period of 6 hours, parameters of protein, glucose and lipid metabolism (i.a. plasma amino acids), gastric emptying and hunger/satiety are analysed. It is assumed that the plasma amino acid profile after plant protein ingestion differs depending on protein source and in comparison to chicken protein.
Detailed description
In a randomized crossover-design, 20 healthy women and men consume 4 test meals containing either 40 g of protein from plant-based meat alternatives (pea, wheat and soy protein extrudate) or chicken together with 1 g paracetamol, which is used as a marker for gastric emptying. During a postprandial period of 6 hours parameters of protein metabolism (e.g. amino acids in plasma and urine), glucose metabolism (e.g. plasma glucose, serum insulin), lipid metabolism (serum triglycerides, total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, free fatty acids), serum uric acids, hunger- and satiety-associated gastrointestinal hormones (serum ghrelin, plasma GLP-1), and gastric emptying rate (based on plasma paracetamol) are analysed. Furthermore, subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals are assed using visual analogue scales. Each intervention arm will be separated by a washout period of at least 7 days.
Interventions
OTHERPea protein
Ingestion of a meal containing 40 g of protein from pea protein extrudate
OTHERWheat protein
Ingestion of a meal containing 40 g of protein from wheat protein extrudate
OTHERSoy protein
Ingestion of a meal containing 40 g of protein from soy protein extrudate
OTHERChicken
Ingestion of a meal containing 40 g of protein from chicken
Sponsors
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
University of Bonn
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* non-smoking * metabolically healthy * normal weight (BMI: 18,5 - 24,9 kg/m2) * written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* pregnancy, lactation * hypo- or hypertension * underweight or overweight/obesity * food intolerances and allergies (especially soy, pea, wheat/gluten) * malabsorption syndromes * gastrointestinal diseases * thyroid diseases * diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 * impaired kidney or liver function * anaemia * blood coagulation disorders * irregular menstrual cycle * endometriosis, severe menstrual problems * hormonal contraception * regular use of medications (especially habitual use of paracetamol or medications that may interact with paracetamol) * hypersensitivity to paracetamol * body weight below 50 kg * alcohol abuse * glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency * Gilbert's syndrome * eating disorders (especially anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) * smoking * participation in another study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Amino acid profile in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of amino acid profile in plasma (nmol/ml) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Urea in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of urea (mg/dL) in blood |
| Nitrogen in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of nitrogen (mg/dL) in blood |
| Glucose in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of glucose (mmol/L) in blood |
| Insulin in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of insulin (pmol/L) in blood |
| C-peptide in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 360 minutes) | Analysis C-peptide (pg/ml) in blood |
| Glucagon in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of glucagon (pg/ml) in blood |
| Uric acid in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of uric acid (mg/dL) in blood |
| Calcium in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of calcium (mmol/l) in blood |
| Iron in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of iron (µg/l) in blood |
| Zinc in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of zinc (µg/l) in blood |
| Amino acid profile in urine | Postprandial period of 6 hours | Analysis of amino acids in urine (nmol/mL) |
| Copper in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of copper (µg/l) in blood |
| Triglycerides in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of triglycerides (mmol/l) in blood |
| Total cholesterol in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of total cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood |
| LDL cholesterol in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood |
| HDL cholesterol in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood |
| Free fatty acids in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of free fatty acids (mmol/L) in blood |
| Gastric emptying rate | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of gastric emptying rate based on paracetamol kinetics in blood (µg/mL) |
| Ghrelin in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of ghrelin (pg/mL) in blood |
| GLP-1 in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of GLP-1 (pg/ml) in blood |
| Hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes) | Assessment of subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals by validated visual analogue scale questionnaires (paper-pencil) |
| Selenium in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) | Analysis of selenium (µg/l) in blood |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed