Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Activity, Immune Functions, Ketosis, Metabolic
Conditions
Keywords
Ketone supplement, Exogenous ketones, Immune function, β-hydroxybutyrylation, Beta-Hydroxybutyrate
Brief summary
To conduct a single-arm pilot study to determine how acute ingestion of an exogenous ketone monoester supplement alters the histone lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation and immune function in healthy human monocytes and lymphocytes.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTKetone Monoester (KE)
Participants will receive an exogenous ketone supplement (KetoneAid KE4) in a fasted state in the morning, at a dosage of 0.75 g/kg of body weight.
Sponsors
University of British Columbia
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Over the age of 19 * Able to fast overnight
Exclusion criteria
* Being a competitive endurance athlete. * Following a ketogenic diet, low-calorie diet, periodic fasting regimen, or regularly consuming ketogenic supplements. * Being unable to travel to and from the university * Being pregnant. * Having been diagnosed with a chronic disorder of glucose or fat metabolism, including type 2 diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, or gallbladder disease * Being unable to read or communicate in English.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| β-hydroxybutyrylation of histone in human immune cells using Western blotting | Before (fasted state) and 2 hours after the consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement. | The β-hydroxybutyrylation of histones in human monocytes and lymphocytes will be assessed before and 2 hours after the consumption of an exogenous ketone supplement. Protein samples will be collected from the cells, and the levels of histone β-hydroxybutyrylation will be quantified using Western blotting. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in glucose concentration | Capillary glucose concentration will be measured before, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after the consumption of exogenous ketone supplement. | Capillary glucose concentration will be measured using FreeStyle Neo glucose test before, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after the consumption of exogenous ketone supplement. |
| Change in blood pressure | Before, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement. | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured using an automatic blood pressure device before, and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after consuming the exogenous ketone supplement. |
| Change in resting heart rate | Before, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement. | Resting heart rate will be measured using continuous heart rate measurement (POLAR H10) before, and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after consuming the exogenous ketone supplement. |
| Change in beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration | Capillary beta-hydroxybutyrate will be measured before, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the consumption of exogenous ketone supplement. | Capillary beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration will be measured using FreeStyle Neo β ketone test before, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after the consumption of exogenous ketone supplement. |
| Monocytes and lymphocytes Immunophenotyping | Before (fasted state) and 2 hours after the consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement. | Immunophenotyping of monocytes and lymphocytes will be conducted by assessing surface receptor expression using flow cytometry. Various antibodies will be used, including CD14, CD16, and TLR4 for monocytes, and CD4 and CD8 for lymphocytes, at baseline and 2 hours following the ingestion of a ketone supplement. |
| Gastrointestinal Disturbance | Before, and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after consuming the exogenous ketone supplement. | Gastrointestinal disturbance will be measured using a 10-cm visual analogue scale to assess nausea, urge to vomit, bloating, belching, and cramps before, and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after consuming the exogenous ketone supplement. A higher score, closer to the right end of the 10-cm visual analogue scale, indicates greater gastrointestinal disturbance. |
| Alteration in immune cell functions | Before (fasted state) and 2 hours after the consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement. | Immune cell functions in healthy individuals will be assessed using whole blood and monocyte cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide (with or without interleukin-10) and the subsequent measurement of cytokine secretion (e.g., TNF-a), both before and 2 hours after the ingestion of a ketone supplement. |
Countries
Canada
Contacts
Primary ContactJonathan Little Principal Investigator, Professor Little, Ph.D
Outcome results
None listed