Aging
Conditions
Keywords
low-dose naltrexone, longevity, health status, quality of life
Brief summary
This retrospective, observational study will assess the health status of short- and long-term low-dose naltrexone (LDN) users.
Detailed description
Long-term (\>5 years), intermediate-term (1-5 years), and short-term low-dose naltrexone (LDN) users (\<12 months) will be contacted for a retrospective, observational assessment of their health status. Participants will be asked to complete a series of questionnaires assessing their quality of life, general physical and mental health, family history, the occurrence of age-related diseases, and immune status. Additionally, blood tests for immune and longevity markers will be optional for a subset of participants.
Interventions
LDN doses \<20 mg/day
Sponsors
AgelessRx
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 120 Years
Inclusion criteria
* Adults (aged 18-120) * Any sex * Any ethnicity * Taking LDN * Willing to complete health questionnaires * Technologically competent to complete web forms * Subgroup: willing to undergo blood testing
Exclusion criteria
* LDN doses over 20 mg/day * Terminal cancer patients (defined as stage IV and/or with a life expectancy of 12 months or less)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of life score | At enrollment | The short-form (SF)-36 Questionnaire generates scores in the categories: physical function, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain, and general health. Scores up to maximum 100, with higher scores representing better quality of life |
| Immune Status | At enrollment | Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ) to define a measure of perceived immune status, consists of seven representative immune-associated symptoms and diseases. The Immune Status Questionnaire scores respondents out of 10, with 10 being a better outcome and lower scores worse outcome. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CD4/CD8 ratio | At enrollment | Peripheral blood CD4 vs CD8 T cell ratio in cells/mm3 |
| CMV IgG | At enrollment | Peripheral blood cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibodies in U/mL |
| hsCRP | At enrollment | Peripheral blood human serum C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration in mg/L |
| General health and family history | At enrollment | Standard questions assessing family history, and information about the dosing, duration of use, reasons for taking LDN, age, sex, weight, length, smoking and alcohol use history, substance abuse history, physical activity, other medications, and side effects of the drug, and other questions related to health and medical history. |
| TNFɑ | At enrollment | Peripheral blood serum tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNFɑ) concentration in pg/L |
| Methylation age clock testing | At enrollment | DNA methylation array of a blood sample |
| IL-6 | At enrollment | Peripheral blood serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in pg/L |
| Levine's phenotypic age | At enrollment | Levine's phenotypic age will be calculated on basis of blood markers for age-associated diseases (glucoregulatory markers, lipids), as well as markers of inflammation |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed