Alzheimer Disease
Conditions
Keywords
Alzheimer Disease, Cognitive Impairment, Non-invasive Sensory Stimulation, Light and Sound Stimulation, Gamma
Brief summary
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by significant memory loss and toxic protein deposits (amyloid and tau) in the brain. The investigators' lab found a non-invasive way to remove these toxic proteins from the brain in AD mouse models. Remarkably, treated mice also have improved memory on behavioral testing. The investigators aim to translate this non-invasive method, which uses light and sound to stimulate the brain, to be used in mild Alzheimer's patients. 40 participants with mild Alzheimer's disease will be recruited, and the investigators will assess their brain waves with electroencephalogram (EEG) before, during, and after light and sound stimulation for safety, feasibility, and to optimize the stimulation device for use in the mild AD population.
Detailed description
It is known that Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have significant disruptions in brain waves, especially the gamma frequency (\ 30 - 100 Hz) waves. Recently, the investigators' lab found that gamma entrainment using light and sound stimulation, which the investigators call GENUS, improves memory and decreases toxic accumulation of amyloid and tau in AD mouse models. This study aims to translate these findings in the mouse models to be used in mild Alzheimer's patients. The investigators will recruit 40 patients diagnosed with mild AD who will be randomly assigned to two study arms. Cognitive and mental health evaluations as well as memory tests will be performed on all subjects. All subjects will also be exposed to the GENUS device, which can deliver light and sound waves at different frequencies. The GENUS device is composed of a panel with light-emitting diode (LED) illumination and speakers for auditory stimulation. Each of the 2 groups will have different combinations of light and sound settings. The investigators will use electroencephalography (EEG) to check for how the participant's brain waves respond to the stimulation, and use questionnaires to evaluate for safety and tolerability.
Interventions
Participants in the experimental group will use the GENUS device configured to active settings for 30 - 60 minutes.
Participants in the control group will use the GENUS device configured to sham settings for 30 - 60 minutes.
Sponsors
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Caregiver)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
50 Years to 100 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Subject is between the ages of 50 - 100. * Subject must have mild Alzheimer's disease with a Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) score of 19 -26. * Subject is willing to sign informed consent document. * If subject is deemed to not have capacity to sign the informed consent, he/she will need a legally authorized representative to provide surrogate consent.
Exclusion criteria
* Subjects who do not have healthcare. * Subjects who are being treated with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (eg. Memantine). * Subjects on medications that lower seizure threshold such as wellbutrin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, etc. * Subjects with history of seizure or epilepsy within the past 24 months. * Subjects with clinically significant suicide risk and/or suicide attempt in the past 1 year. * Subjects with behavioral problems such as aggression/agitation/impulsivity that might interfere with their ability to comply with protocol. * Active treatment with one or more anti-epileptic agent. * Subjects who have had a stroke within the past 24 months. * Subjects diagnosed with migraine headache. * Active treatment with one or more psychiatric agent (e.g. antidepressants, antipsychotics, etc). * Subjects who have an active implantable medical device including but not limited to implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), deep brain stimulator (DBS), cardiac pacemaker, and/or sacral nerve stimulator. * Subjects who have profound hearing or visual impairment. * Subjects who have a life expectancy of less than 2 years. * Subjects who are pregnant.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Feasibility of gamma frequency stimulation | Immediately after the completion of the stimulation | Feasibility of gamma frequency stimulation in subjects with mild AD will be assessed by analyzing the EEG data from each subject for a sign of change in gamma frequency waves and determining the percent of subjects who show this change. |
| Tolerability of gamma frequency stimulation | Immediately after the completion of the stimulation | Tolerability of gamma frequency stimulation will be assessed by using a questionnaire asking for the subjects' overall experience with the stimulation. |
| Safety of gamma frequency stimulation | Immediately after the completion of the stimulation | Safety of gamma frequency stimulation will be assessed by using a questionnaire asking for any adverse effects of the stimulation. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in working memory after gamma frequency stimulation | Baseline and immediately after the completion of the stimulation | Exploratory measure to check if there is any change in n-back test performance, between baseline and immediately after the completion of the stimulation. The n-back test involves a sequence of stimuli (e.g., letters, numbers), presented one at a time, and a subject is asked to indicate when the current stimulus is the same as the stimulus presented n times earlier in the sequence. The performance metrics will include the hit rate (number of correct responses out of total number of target stimuli; ranging from 0 to 1), false alarm rate (number of incorrect responses out of total number of non-target stimuli; ranging from 0 to 1), and response time. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed