Black Pepper, Absorption, Carotenoid
Conditions
Brief summary
The objective of this project is to determine the extent to which eating black pepper together with vegetables increase the absorption of carotenoids (a class of important nutrients) in the vegetables such as beta-carotene.
Detailed description
Black pepper has multiple health-promoting effects, many of which are associated with the relatively high levels of piperine it contains. Piperine can enhance the oral bioavailability of nutraceuticals in foods due to its inhibitory activity on drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and p-glycoprotein in the gastrointestinal mucosa. This decreases the first-pass metabolism of nutraceuticals thus increasing their levels in the systemic circulation. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have validated the efficacy of piperine in boosting nutraceutical bioavailability. However, most of these studies utilized highly purified sources of both piperine and nutraceuticals, and therefore do not provide direct evidence on the ability of black pepper (used as a spice) to enhance the bioavailability of nutraceuticals in real foods.
Interventions
OTHERsalad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with black pepper and dressing (canola oil) one time in the morning
OTHERsalad dressing (canola oil)
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (canola oil) one time in the morning
OTHERblack pepper
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad without dressing (canola oil) but with black pepper one time in the morning
OTHERsalad
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad without dressing (canola oil) and without black pepper one time in the morning
OTHERSalad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with black pepper and dressing (olive oil) one time in the morning
OTHERSalad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with black pepper and dressing (corn oil) one time in the morning
OTHERSalad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with black pepper and dressing (sunflower oil) one time in the morning
OTHERSalad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with black pepper and dressing (flaxseed oil) one time in the morning
Sponsors
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18-30 year old healthy adults
Exclusion criteria
* those who are \<18 or \>30 years old, have a BMI of \<20 or \>29 kg/m2, have a weight change \>4.5 kg (9.91 pounds) in the past 3 months, exceed exercise activities of a recreational level over the past 3 months, have any diseases, especially intestinal disorders including lipid malabsorption or lactose intolerance, had abnormal liver or kidney function tests. * Those who smoke, consume more than two alcoholic drinks per day, use medication affecting lipid profiles or dietary supplements affecting plasma cholesterol (e.g., Benocol or fiber supplements) will also be excluded. * Additionally, this study excludes menopausal women, those using hormone-based contraceptives, those with abnormal menstrual cycles, and those who are pregnant, lactating or planning to become pregnant.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Determine the level of carotenoids in blood | 12-16 weeks | Utilize HPLC to quantify blood levels of carotenoids in subjects consumed test articles |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed