Reprometabolic Syndrome Mediates Subfertility in Obesity

LH-Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Amplitude before and after administration of FFAs. This is a measure of the post supplementation frequent blood sampling session and the baseline session.

Time frame: First 4 hours of the frequent blood sampling study before and after FFA administration

Population: There were only 15 women who completed Aim 1 of the study. There were 19 women who completed aim 2 of the study and one had to be excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria once in the study.

Primary outcome will be M, which represents the steady state amount of glucose metabolized at the set insulin infusion rate under euglycemic conditions, which is equal to the glucose infused when the participant is euglycemic during the second stage of the HEC49. The final 30 minutes of the clamp period will be considered steady state. Glucose concentrations will be determined with the glucose oxidase method (Beckman Glucose Analyzer 2; Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, CA), while ELISA methods will be used for insulin measurements (Alpco, Salem, NH).

Time frame: 30 minutes

Population: Aim 1 included 15 participants who completed the studies. In Aim 2 one participant was excluded due to the fact once the analysis was completed she did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the total number of participants who completed the clamp was 15 per study design.

GnRH response will be compared between the non-intervention and intervention study as described above for gonadotropin pulsatility. The Investigator have used area under the curve methods to determine the LH response to exogenous GnRH and will utilize the same methodology as the investigator have done in the past.

Time frame: After the administration of GnRH at each FSS before and after acute and chronic FFA administration was assessed for up to 4 hours.

Population: All participants completed both Aim 1 and Aim 2 in the study.

FSH parameters will be compared between the non-intervention and intervention studies for both aims as described above for gonadotropin pulsatility. The investigator will compare mean FSH, as pulsatility of FSH is less obvious than LH.

Time frame: Before and after FFA adminstration

Population: normal weight women

The investigator will compare changes in gonadotropin pulse frequency (for LH, and if we can detect distinct FSH pulses, we will compare FSH as well), mean LH and FSH and kinetics of LH, and if possible, FSH, before and after the intervention, as previously reported

Time frame: 4 hours

Population: Normal Weight women

RBC lipids will also be compared, as the investigator predict that the HFD will result in increased omega-6 rich FFAs and less omega-3 FFAs

Time frame: 30 Minutes during the HEC

DEXA body composition will be measured before and after the intervention.

Time frame: 5 months-before and after the interventation.

Glucose will be measured by the CTRC laboratories before and after FFA administration..

Time frame: 60 Minutes during HEC

Urinary hormone profiles will be assessed for the entire cycle before and two cycles after initiation of the HFD using previously described menstrual cycle parameters suitable for urinary hormone determinations. The LH peak will be determined for all cycles that demonstrate a Progesterone increment consistent with ovulation. Follicular and luteal phase lengths will be calculated, as will integrated follicular, luteal and whole cycle LH, FSH, E1c and Progesterone. The measurement is the change in value from baseline to 4 menstrual cycles (approximately 4 months) after baseline.

Time frame: Urinary assays will be measured for 4 menstrual cycles (approximately 4 months or 115 days)

Population: Eighteen Normal weight women urinary hormones were measured during 4 menstrual cycles which was before, during and after the high fat diet administration. We looked at the change in peak LH before and after the high fat diet.