Multiple Sclerosis, Primary Progressive, Multiple Sclerosis, Secondary Progressive
Conditions
Brief summary
This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability and activity of ibudilast administered twice daily over a 96 week period in subjects with primary or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis who are currently untreated with long-term MS disease modifying therapy (DMT) or who are receiving either glatiramer acetate (GA) or interferon beta-1, any formulation (IFNβ-1A \[Avonex, Rebif\] or IFNβ-1B \[Betaseron, Extavia\]). Study drug or placebo will be administered to a total of 250 male and female subjects from 21 to 65 years old, inclusive, in two treatment groups. Randomization of subjects will be stratified by disease status (primary progressive multiple sclerosis or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis) and immunomodulating therapy status: current use of immunomodulating therapy or no current use of immunomodulating therapy. The study will consist of a screening phase (up to 30 days) followed by a treatment phase (96 weeks) and a follow-up visit (1 month post Week 96 visit). Following the screening phase, subjects who continue to meet entry criteria will be randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: doses up to ibudilast 100 mg/day or matching-placebo in a 1:1 ratio. Study drug will be administered twice daily (BID), e.g., ibudilast 50 mg or placebo taken in the morning and evening).
Interventions
DRUGibudilast
Subjects randomly assigned to the ibudilast (MN-166) cohort will receive up to 100 mg/day for 96 weeks.
DRUGPlacebo oral capsule
Subjects randomly assigned to the placebo cohort will receive placebo oral capsule for 96 weeks.
Sponsors
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
MediciNova
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Written informed consent is obtained and willing and able to comply with the protocol in the opinion of the Investigator. * Male or female subjects ages 21 to 65, inclusive * Confirmed diagnosis of SPMS or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) according to 2010 International Panel Criteria * Typical MS lesions on MRI according to Swanton's MRI Criteria (at least one lesion in two or more of the following regions: periventricular, juxtacortical, infratentorial \[brainstem/cerebellum\], spinal cord) * EDSS 3.0-6.5, inclusive * Clinical evidence of disability progression in the preceding two years, as measured by any of the following (excluding progression during clinical relapses): * worsening overall EDSS of at least 0.5 points (may be assessed retrospectively but cannot be during a clinical relapse) or * 20% worsening in 25-foot walk (25-FW) or * 20% worsening in 9-hole peg test (9-HPT) in either hand * Existing multiple sclerosis pharmacotherapy status may include interferon-beta or glatiramer acetate or none (i.e. untreated). * Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum ß-hCG at screening and must be willing to use appropriate contraception (as defined by the investigator) for the duration of study treatment and 30 days after the last dose of study treatment. * Males should practice contraception as follows: condom use and contraception by female partner. * Subject is in good physical health on the basis of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory screening, as defined by the investigator. * Subject is willing and able to comply with the protocol assessments and visits, in the opinion of the study nurse/coordinator and the Investigator.
Exclusion criteria
* Progressive neurological disorder other than SPMS or PPMS * Relapse and/or systemic corticosteroid steroid treatment for multiple sclerosis within 3 months of screening. Inhaled or topical steroids are allowed. * Current use of intermittent systemic corticosteroids (i.e., monthly or bimonthly intravenous methylprednisolone) * Use of oral immunosuppressants (e.g. azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, teriflunomide \[Aubagio®\]) within 6 months of screening * Use of mitoxantrone, natalizumab, or IVIg within 6 months of screening * Use of fingolimod or dimethyl fumarate \[Tecfidera®\] within 3 months of screening * Use of rituximab or other B-cell therapy within 12 months of screening * Current use of other MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) besides glatiramer acetate, IFNβ-1 (any formulation), and the above listed medications. * Current use of cimetidine, cyclosporine, dronedarone, lopinavir, probenecid, quinidine (including Neudexta), ranolazine, rifampin, ritonavir, or tipranavir. * Clinically significant cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarct within last 6 months, unstable ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure or angina * Resting pulse \< 50 bpm, sinoatrial (SA) or atrioventricular (AV) block, uncontrolled hypertension, or QTcF \> 450 ms * Clinically significant pulmonary conditions, including severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, or tuberculosis * Evidence of acute hepatitis, clinically significant chronic hepatitis, or evidence of clinically significant impaired hepatic function through clinical and laboratory evaluation including ALP \> 1.5x ULN; ALT or AST \> 2x ULN; GGT \> 3x ULN * Immune system disease (other than multiple sclerosis and autoimmune thyroid disease) * History of stomach or intestinal surgery or any other condition that could interfere with or is judged by the Investigator to interfere with absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of study drug. * Any significant laboratory abnormality which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may put the subject at risk and with the following laboratory abnormalities at screening: * Creatinine: females \> 0.95 mg/dL; males \> 1.17 mg/dL * WBCs \< 3,000 mm3 * Lymphocytes \< 800 mm3 * Platelets \< 90,000 mm3 * History of malignancy \< 5 years prior to signing the informed consent, except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or in situ cervical cancer. * History of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), clinically significant chronic hepatitis, or other active infection. * Subject currently has a clinically significant medical condition (other than MS) including the following: neurological, psychiatric, metabolic, hepatic, renal, hematological, pulmonary, cardiovascular (including uncontrolled hypertension), gastrointestinal, urological disorder, or central nervous system (CNS) infection that would pose a risk to the subject if they were to participate in the study or that might confound the results of the study. Note: Active medical conditions that are minor or well-controlled are not exclusionary if, in the judgment of the Investigator, they do not affect risk to the subject or the study results. In cases in which the impact of the condition upon risk to the subject or study results is unclear, the Medical Safety Monitor should be consulted. * Subjects with moderate to severe depression as determined by the Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS). * Subject has a history of alcohol or substance abuse (DSM-IV-TR criteria) within 3 months prior to screening or alcohol or substance dependence (DSM-IV-TR criteria) within 12 months prior to screening. The only exceptions include caffeine or nicotine abuse/dependence. * Subject has poor peripheral venous access that will limit the ability to draw blood as judged by the Investigator. * Subject is currently participating, or has participated in, a study with an investigational or marketed compound or device within 3 months prior to signing the informed consent. * Subject is unable to cooperate with any study procedures, unlikely to adhere to the study procedures and keep appointments, in the opinion of the Investigator, or was planning to relocate during the study. * Subject is unable to undergo MRI imaging because of having an artificial heart valve, metal plate, pin, or other metallic objects (including gun shots or shrapnel) in their body or is unable to complete all the five MRI scans required for this study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Covariate-adjusted Mean Rate of Change in Brain Atrophy Over 96 Weeks as Measured by Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF). | 96 weeks | To evaluate the activity of ibudilast (100 mg/day) versus placebo at 96 weeks as measured by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis for whole brain atrophy using brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), calculated as the ratio of brain parenchymal tissue volume to the total volume contained within the brain surface contour. |
| Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events. | 96 weeks | Safety Measures: percentage of participants who experienced treatment-emergent adverse events, clinically significant abnormal laboratory and electrocardiogram results. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | 48 weeks | Diffusion tensor imaging estimates the three-dimensional diffusion of water in brain tissue and has been explored as an outcome in MS. |
| Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) Imaging in Normal-appearing Brain Tissue | 96 weeks | A magnetization transfer MRI as a marker of brain myelin content including the cerebral cortex could be useful. MT imaging provides access to the restricted protons, which are located in biologically interesting tissue regions.Cortical and normal appearing grey matter MTR correlates strongly with measures of disability such as the multiple sclerosis functional composite score and can show treatment effects. |
| Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). | 96 weeks | Mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness from baseline measured by Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique used to obtain high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina. Increase in thickness is considered improvement. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| New T1 Lesions Since Baseline | 96 weeks | New T1 lesions since baseline as measured by least square mean (90% confidence interval). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Ibudilast Subjects will receive up to 100 mg/d ibudilast for 96 weeks.
ibudilast: Subjects randomly assigned to the ibudilast (MN-166) cohort will receive up to 100 mg/day for 96 weeks. | 129 |
| Placebo Oral Capsule Subjects will receive placebo for 96 weeks.
Placebo oral capsule: Subjects randomly assigned to the placebo cohort will receive placebo oral capsule for 96 weeks. | 126 |
| Total | 255 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 10 | 5 |
| Overall Study | Chose to join a stem cell trial | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Left geographical area | 2 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 4 | 3 |
| Overall Study | MS Relapse | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Multiple sclerosis progression | 3 | 2 |
| Overall Study | Subject bedridden, rapidly declining | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Subject declined future visits | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Too many pills | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Wanted to try therapy not permitted | 1 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Ibudilast | Total | Placebo Oral Capsule |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized Age (years) | 54.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 | 56.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.3 | 56.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.6 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 4 Participants | 7 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 125 Participants | 246 Participants | 121 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 4 Participants | 11 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 4 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 122 Participants | 236 Participants | 114 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 129 participants | 255 participants | 126 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 67 Participants | 136 Participants | 69 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 62 Participants | 119 Participants | 57 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 129 | 0 / 126 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 119 / 129 | 111 / 126 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 20 / 129 | 24 / 126 |
Outcome results
Primary
Covariate-adjusted Mean Rate of Change in Brain Atrophy Over 96 Weeks as Measured by Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF).
To evaluate the activity of ibudilast (100 mg/day) versus placebo at 96 weeks as measured by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis for whole brain atrophy using brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), calculated as the ratio of brain parenchymal tissue volume to the total volume contained within the brain surface contour.
Time frame: 96 weeks
Population: Modified intent-to-treat is the primary population for efficacy analysis, defined as all participants from the intent-to-treat population (all participants randomly assigned) who received at least one dose of study medication, have at least one efficacy assessment for at least one primary or secondary parameter in the double-blind treatment phase.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Ibudilast | Covariate-adjusted Mean Rate of Change in Brain Atrophy Over 96 Weeks as Measured by Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF). | -0.00168 ratio |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | Covariate-adjusted Mean Rate of Change in Brain Atrophy Over 96 Weeks as Measured by Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF). | -0.00392 ratio |
Comparison: The null hypothesis states that the BPF rates of change in the treatment and placebo groups are equal, which can be evaluated based on as assessment of parameter estimates from a linear mixed model (LMM).p-value: 0.04t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events.
Safety Measures: percentage of participants who experienced treatment-emergent adverse events, clinically significant abnormal laboratory and electrocardiogram results.
Time frame: 96 weeks
Population: Safety analysis population: comprises all subjects who received at least one dose of study medication. This is the population for all safety analyses, and subjects were analyzed based on the treatment they received.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Ibudilast | Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events. | 92.2 percentage receiving study medication |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events. | 88.1 percentage receiving study medication |
Secondary
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts
Diffusion tensor imaging estimates the three-dimensional diffusion of water in brain tissue and has been explored as an outcome in MS.
Time frame: 48 weeks
Population: modified intent-to-treat population
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibudilast | Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | Left axial diffusivity mean | 0.0001 10^3/mm^2/s |
| Ibudilast | Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | Right axial diffusivity mean | 0.0014 10^3/mm^2/s |
| Ibudilast | Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | Left radial diffusivity mean | -0.0077 10^3/mm^2/s |
| Ibudilast | Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | Right radial diffusivity mean | -0.0029 10^3/mm^2/s |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | Left radial diffusivity mean | 0.0027 10^3/mm^2/s |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | Left axial diffusivity mean | -0.0006 10^3/mm^2/s |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | Right radial diffusivity mean | 0.0046 10^3/mm^2/s |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in Descending Pyramidal White Matter Tracts | Right axial diffusivity mean | -0.0017 10^3/mm^2/s |
Secondary
Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) Imaging in Normal-appearing Brain Tissue
A magnetization transfer MRI as a marker of brain myelin content including the cerebral cortex could be useful. MT imaging provides access to the restricted protons, which are located in biologically interesting tissue regions.Cortical and normal appearing grey matter MTR correlates strongly with measures of disability such as the multiple sclerosis functional composite score and can show treatment effects.
Time frame: 96 weeks
Population: Modified intent-to-treat is the primary population for efficacy analysis, defined as all participants from the intent-to-treat population (all participants randomly assigned) who received at least one dose of study medication, have at least one efficacy assessment for at least one primary or secondary parameter in the double-blind treatment phase.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Ibudilast | Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) Imaging in Normal-appearing Brain Tissue | 0.325 ratio |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) Imaging in Normal-appearing Brain Tissue | 0.247 ratio |
Secondary
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).
Mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness from baseline measured by Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique used to obtain high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina. Increase in thickness is considered improvement.
Time frame: 96 weeks
Population: Modified intent-to-treat is the primary population for efficacy analysis, defined as all participants from the intent-to-treat population (all participants randomly assigned) who received at least one dose of study medication, have at least one efficacy assessment for at least one primary or secondary parameter in the double-blind treatment phase.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Ibudilast | Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). | 83.0 micrometers |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). | 79.5 micrometers |
Other Pre-specified
New T1 Lesions Since Baseline
New T1 lesions since baseline as measured by least square mean (90% confidence interval).
Time frame: 96 weeks
Population: Modified intent-to-treat is the primary population for efficacy analysis, defined as all participants from the intent-to-treat population (all participants randomly assigned) who received at least one dose of study medication, have at least one efficacy assessment for at least one primary or secondary parameter in the double-blind treatment phase.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Ibudilast | New T1 Lesions Since Baseline | 0.355 lesions |
| Placebo Oral Capsule | New T1 Lesions Since Baseline | 0.317 lesions |