Glycemic Control, Gastrointestinal Hormone Response, Healthy Young Men
Conditions
Brief summary
The investigators hypothesize that the physiological effects of milk on satiety and glycemic control are mediated by the interaction between its macronutrient components by both insulin-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTMilk Fat
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTMilk Protein
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTLactose
OTHERWhole milk (3.25% M.F.(
Commercially available milk from the grocery store
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTSimulated Milk Beverage
Added lactose + fat + protein together to form a mixture
Sponsors
University of Toronto
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
20 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy young men * 20-30 years of age * BMI: 20-24.9 kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
* Smoking * Dieting * Skipping breakfast * Lactose intolerance or allergies to milk * Taking medications that may affect glucose metabolism or appetite * Diabetes (fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L) or other metabolic diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Glucose | 0-180 min |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Insulin | 0-180 min |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal hormones and gastric emptying rate | 0-180 min | Gatrointestinal hormones measured include plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin. Gastric emptying is assessed indirectly by adding 1.5 g of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to each beverage and measuring plasma paracetamol concentrations. |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed