Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission, Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Conditions
Brief summary
This randomized phase II trial studies how well donor umbilical cord blood transplant with or without ex-vivo expanded cord blood progenitor cells works in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndromes. Giving chemotherapy and total-body irradiation before a donor umbilical cord blood transplant helps stop the growth of cancer cells. It may also stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's cells. When the healthy stem cells and ex-vivo expanded cord blood progenitor cells are infused into the patient they may help the patient's bone marrow make stem cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is not yet known whether giving donor umbilical cord blood transplant plus ex-vivo expanded cord blood progenitor cells is more effective than giving a donor umbilical cord blood transplant alone.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the time to neutrophil engraftment (absolute neutrophil count \[ANC\] \>= 500) in patients receiving a standard of care myeloablative cord blood transplant (CBT) augmented with an off-the-shelf pre-expanded and cryopreserved cord blood product to those who do not receive the product. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Provide initial data on clinical and economic benefit, such as time to platelet engraftment, duration of initial hospitalization, transplant-related mortality (TRM), death without engraftment, and incidence of severe infections in the first 100 days post-transplant. II. The kinetics of immune system recovery will also be evaluated in both arms. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. Standard of Care Arm: CONDITIONING REGIMEN: One of two possible conditioning regimens is chosen by the attending physician: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days -8 to -6, cyclophosphamide IV on days -7 to -6., and undergo high dose total-body irradiation (TBI) twice daily (BID) on days -4 to -1 OR, patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 30-60 minutes on days -6 to -2, cyclophosphamide IV on day -6, thiotepa IV over 4 hours on days -5 to -4, and undergo middle intensity TBI once daily (QD) on days -2 to -1. TRANSPLANT: Patients undergo single-unit or double-unit unmanipulated umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplant on day 0. GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive cyclosporine IV over 1 hour BID (adults) or thrice daily (TID) (children) or orally (PO) on days -3 to 100 with taper beginning on day 101. Patients also receive mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) IV TID on days 0-7 then may receive MMF PO TID. Patients remain on MMF TID for a minimum of 30 days, and then may begin taper if there is no evidence of GVHD and are well-engrafted from one donor unit. Experimental Arm: CONDITIONING REGIMEN: Patients receive the conditioning regimen chosen by the attending physician as in Standard of Care Arm. TRANSPLANT: Patients undergo single-unit or double-unit unmanipulated UCB transplant on day 0. Patients also receive an infusion of ex vivo-expanded cord blood progenitors at least 4 hours after completion of UCB transplant. GVHD PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive cyclosporine IV or PO and mycophenolate mofetil IV or PO as in Standard of Care Arm. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for 2 years.
Interventions
DRUGCyclophosphamide
Given IV
DRUGCyclosporine
Given IV or PO
Given IV
DRUGFludarabine Phosphate
Given IV
DRUGMycophenolate Mofetil
Given IV or PO
DRUGThiotepa
Given IV
RADIATIONTotal-Body Irradiation
Undergo high dose or middle intensity TBI
PROCEDUREUmbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
Undergo single-unit or double-unit unmanipulated umbilical cord blood transplant
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Nohla Therapeutics, Inc.
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Months to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age criteria: * High dose TBI regimen: 6 months to =\< 45 years * Middle intensity TBI regimen: 6 months to =\< 65 years * Conditioning regimen selection should be based on the underlying disease, presence of minimal residual disease (MRD), age, co-morbidities, attending physician, and site preference; conditioning regimen will not require stratification of the randomization due to heterogeneity in the cohort of eligible patients. * Acute myeloid leukemia, including biphenotypic acute leukemia or mixed-lineage leukemia * All patients must have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is considered best treated by stem cell transplant by the referring physician and the attending transplant physician * All patients must be in complete remission (CR) as defined by \< 5% blasts by morphology/flow cytometry in a representative bone marrow sample with cellularity \>= 15% for age * Patients in which adequate marrow/biopsy specimens cannot be obtained to determine remission status by morphologic assessment, but have fulfilled criteria of remission by flow cytometry, recovery of peripheral blood counts with no circulating blasts, and/or normal cytogenetics (if applicable) may still be eligible; reasonable attempts must be made to obtain an adequate specimen for morphologic assessment, including possible repeat procedures; these patients must be discussed with the principal investigator prior to enrollment * Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including biphenotypic acute leukemia or mixed-lineage leukemia * High risk first complete remission (CR1) (for example, but not limited to: t(9;22), t(1;19), t(4;11) or other mixed-lineage leukemia \[MLL\] rearrangements, hypodiploid); or high risk (HR) as defined by referring institution treatment protocol greater than 1 cycle to obtain CR; second complete remission (CR2) or greater * All patients must be in CR as defined by \< 5% blasts by morphology/flow cytometry in a representative bone marrow sample with cellularity \>= 15% for age * Patients in which adequate marrow/biopsy specimens cannot be obtained to determine remission status by morphologic assessment, but have fulfilled criteria of remission by flow cytometry, recovery of peripheral blood counts with no circulating blasts, and/or normal cytogenetics (if applicable) may still be eligible; reasonable attempts must be made to obtain an adequate specimen for morphologic assessment, including possible repeat procedures; these patients must be discussed with the principal investigator prior to enrollment * Chronic myelogenous leukemia excluding refractory blast crisis; to be eligible in first chronic phase (CP1) patient must have failed or be intolerant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy * Myelodysplasia (MDS) International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) intermediate (Int)-2 or high risk (i.e., refractory anemia with excess blasts \[RAEB\], refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation \[RAEBt\]) or refractory anemia with severe pancytopenia or high risk cytogenetics; blasts must be \< 10% by a representative bone marrow aspirate morphology * Karnofsky (\>= 16 years old) \>= 70 or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1 * Lansky (\< 16 years old) \>= 60 * Adults: calculated creatinine clearance must be \> 60 mL and serum creatinine =\< 2 mg/dL * Children (\< 18 years old): calculated creatinine clearance must be \> 60 mL/min * Total serum bilirubin must be \< 3 mg/dL unless the elevation is thought to be due to Gilbert's disease or hemolysis * Transaminases must be \< 3 x the upper limit of normal per reference values of referring institution * Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) corrected \> 60% normal * For pediatric patients unable to perform pulmonary function tests, oxygen (O2) saturation \> 92% on room air * May not be on supplemental oxygen * Left ventricular ejection fraction \> 45% OR * Shortening fraction \> 26% * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
Exclusion criteria
* Uncontrolled viral or bacterial infection at the time of study enrollment * Active or recent (prior 6 month) invasive fungal infection without infectious disease (ID) consult and approval * History of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection * Pregnant or breastfeeding * Prior myeloablative transplant containing full dose TBI (greater than 8 Gy) * Central nervous system (CNS) leukemic involvement not clearing with intrathecal chemotherapy and/or cranial radiation prior to initiation of conditioning; diagnostic lumbar puncture is to be performed per protocol * Patients \>= 45 years: comorbidity score of 5 or higher
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Neutrophil Engraftment | Up to 55 days post-transplant | First of two consecutive days with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) equal to or greater than 500 cell/microliter measured from day of transplant. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Platelet Engraftment (20k) | Up to 100 days post-transplant | First day of seven consecutive days with platelet count equal to or greater than 20,000 cells/microliter without platelet transfusions measured from day of transplant. |
| Overall Survival | Up to 2 years | — |
| Non-relapse Mortality | Up to 2 years | — |
| Proportion of Patients With Severe Acute Graft Versus Host Disease | Up to 100 days post-transplant | — |
| Proportion of Participants With Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease | Up to 2 years | — |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The Full Analysis Set includes all randomized subjects (78 in Arm I SOC and 82 in Arm II Expanded Arm). The modified intent to treat (mITT) analysis set requires subjects in the FAS to undergo hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and receive study drug. Two subjects in Arm II withdrew prior to receiving study drug and are therefore not included in the mITT analysis set (78 in SOC and 80 in Expanded Arm).
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm I (Standard of Care) CONDITIONING REGIMEN: One of two possible conditioning regimens is chosen by the attending physician: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 30 minutes on days -8 to -6, cyclophosphamide IV on days -7 to -6., and undergo high dose TBI BID on days -4 to -1 OR Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 30-60 minutes on days -6 to -2, cyclophosphamide IV on day -6, thiotepa IV over 4 hours on days -5 to -4, and undergo middle intensity TBI QD on days -2 to -1.
TRANSPLANT: Patients undergo single-unit or double-unit unmanipulated UCB transplant on day 0.
GVHD PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive cyclosporine IV over 1 hour BID (adults) or TID (children) or PO on days -3 to 100 with taper beginning on day 101. Patients also receive MMF IV TID a day on days 0-7 then may receive MMF PO TID. Patients remain on MMF TID for a minimum of 30 days, and then may begin a taper if there is no evidence of GVHD and are well-engrafted from one donor unit.
Cyclophosphamide: Given IV
Cyclosporine: Given IV or PO
Fludarabine Phosphate: Given IV
Mycophenolate Mofetil: Given IV or PO
Thiotepa: Given IV
Total-Body Irradiation: Undergo high dose or middle intensity TBI
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: Undergo single-unit or double-unit unmanipulated umbilical cord blood transplant | 78 |
| Arm II (Experimental) CONDITIONING REGIMEN: Patients receive the conditioning regimen chosen by the attending physician as in Standard of Care Arm.
TRANSPLANT: Patients undergo single-unit or double-unit unmanipulated UCB transplant on day 0. Patients also undergo infusion of ex vivo-expanded cord blood progenitor cell infusion at least 4 hours after completion of UCB transplant.
GVHD PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive cyclosporine IV or PO and mycophenolate mofetil IV or PO as in Standard of Care Arm.
Cyclophosphamide: Given IV
Cyclosporine: Given IV or PO
Ex Vivo-Expanded Cord Blood Progenitor Cell Infusion: Given IV
Fludarabine Phosphate: Given IV
Mycophenolate Mofetil: Given IV or PO
Thiotepa: Given IV
Total-Body Irradiation: Undergo high dose or middle intensity TBI
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: Undergo single-unit or double-unit unmanipulated umbilical cord blood transplant | 82 |
| Total | 160 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 25 | 21 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 2 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Ongoing Follow-Up at time of Analysis | 22 | 21 |
| Overall Study | Other | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Relapse | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 2 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm II (Experimental) | Total | Arm I (Standard of Care) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 24 Participants | 51 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 58 Participants | 109 Participants | 51 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 27.72 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.699 | 27.25 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.738 | 26.76 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.858 |
| Cord Blood Units Received 1 Cord Blood Unit | 17 Participants | 39 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Cord Blood Units Received 2 Cord Blood Units | 65 Participants | 121 Participants | 56 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 18 Participants | 37 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 57 Participants | 116 Participants | 59 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 7 Participants | 7 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Height (cm) | 159.85 centimeters STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.68 | 159.97 centimeters STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.028 | 160.09 centimeters STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.481 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 10 Participants | 25 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 4 Participants | 10 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 9 Participants | 16 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 7 Participants | 19 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 52 Participants | 86 Participants | 34 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 82 participants | 160 participants | 78 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 40 Participants | 67 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 42 Participants | 93 Participants | 51 Participants |
| Weight (kg) | 69.77 kilograms STANDARD_DEVIATION 27.103 | 68.76 kilograms STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.933 | 67.70 kilograms STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.886 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 25 / 78 | 21 / 82 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 71 / 78 | 73 / 82 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 48 / 78 | 55 / 82 |
Outcome results
Primary
Time to Neutrophil Engraftment
First of two consecutive days with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) equal to or greater than 500 cell/microliter measured from day of transplant.
Time frame: Up to 55 days post-transplant
Population: The primary analysis set for the analysis of Neutrophil Enrgraftment and Platelet Engraftment was the modified intent to treat (mITT) analysis set. The difference between the full analysis set (FAS) and the mITT is the requirement to undergo hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and receive study drug. Two subjects in Arm II withdrew prior to receiving study drug, and are therefore not included in the mITT analysis set, nor the primary efficacy analyses.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I (Standard of Care) | Time to Neutrophil Engraftment | 20.0 days |
| Arm II (Experimental) | Time to Neutrophil Engraftment | 22.0 days |
Secondary
Non-relapse Mortality
Time frame: Up to 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I (Standard of Care) | Non-relapse Mortality | 16 Participants |
| Arm II (Experimental) | Non-relapse Mortality | 16 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival
Time frame: Up to 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I (Standard of Care) | Overall Survival | 52 Participants |
| Arm II (Experimental) | Overall Survival | 57 Participants |
Secondary
Proportion of Participants With Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease
Time frame: Up to 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I (Standard of Care) | Proportion of Participants With Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease | 27 Participants |
| Arm II (Experimental) | Proportion of Participants With Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease | 23 Participants |
Secondary
Proportion of Patients With Severe Acute Graft Versus Host Disease
Time frame: Up to 100 days post-transplant
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I (Standard of Care) | Proportion of Patients With Severe Acute Graft Versus Host Disease | 0.14 proportion of participants |
| Arm II (Experimental) | Proportion of Patients With Severe Acute Graft Versus Host Disease | 0.16 proportion of participants |
Secondary
Time to Platelet Engraftment (20k)
First day of seven consecutive days with platelet count equal to or greater than 20,000 cells/microliter without platelet transfusions measured from day of transplant.
Time frame: Up to 100 days post-transplant
Population: The primary analysis set for the analysis of Neutrophil Enrgraftment and Platelet Engraftment was the modified intent to treat (mITT) analysis set. The difference between the full analysis set (FAS) and the mITT is the requirement to undergo hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and receive study drug. Two subjects in Arm II withdrew prior to receiving study drug, and are therefore not included in the mITT analysis set, nor the primary efficacy analyses.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm I (Standard of Care) | Time to Platelet Engraftment (20k) | 40.0 days |
| Arm II (Experimental) | Time to Platelet Engraftment (20k) | 38.0 days |