Heart Failure, Congestive Heart Failure
Conditions
Keywords
Heart Failure, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), Vasodilators, Isosorbide dinitrate, Hydralazine, wave reflections, arterial stiffness, hemodynamics
Brief summary
The main objective is to test the effect of prolonged therapy (24 weeks) with isosorbide dinitrate ± hydralazine on arterial wave reflections (primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints include left ventricular (LV) mass, fibrosis and diastolic function) and exercise capacity (assessed via the 6-minute walk test) in patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFPEF). We will also test the hypothesis that the reduction in arterial wave reflections induced by vasoactive therapy will correlate with the improvement in exercise capacity, LV mass, fibrosis and diastolic function. Finally, we will assess whether the hemodynamic response to an acute dose of sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) can predict the sustained changes in the reflected wave and other hemodynamic parameters in response to chronic vasodilator therapy.
Interventions
Enrolled subjects will be randomized in a blinded fashion to 1 isosorbide dinitrate capsule TID + 1 placebo capsule TID. In addition, all subjects will receive a single in-lab dose of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerine (open label) before randomization to the blinded study drugs. Subjects receiving isosorbide dinitrate will be given 20mg PO q8am, 2pm, and 8pm and will be titrated up to 40mg PO q8am, 2pm, and 8pm.
DRUGIsosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine
Enrolled subjects will be randomized in a blinded fashion to 1 isosorbide dinitrate capsule TID + 1 hydralazine capsule TID. In addition, all subjects will receive a single in-lab dose of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerine (open label) before randomization to the blinded study drugs. Subjects receiving isosorbide dinitrate will be given 20mg PO q8am, 2pm, and 8pm and will be titrated up to 40mg PO q8am, 2pm, and 8pm. Subjects receiving hydralazine will be given 37.5mg PO q8am, 2pm, and 8pm and will be titrated up to 75mg PO q8am, 2pm, and 8pm.
DRUGPlacebo
Enrolled subjects will be randomized in a blinded fashion to 2 placebo capsules TID. In addition, all subjects will receive a single in-lab dose of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerine (open label) before randomization to the blinded study drugs.
Sponsors
University of Pennsylvania
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Previous clinical diagnosis of heart failure with current New York Heart Association Class II-IV symptoms. 2. LV ejection fraction \>50% on a clinically indicated echocardiogram or ventriculogram within 12 months prior to consent, in the absence of a change in cardiovascular status, as assessed by the principal investigators. 3. Must have had at least one of the following within the 12 months prior to consent 1. Hospitalization for decompensated HF 2. Acute treatment for HF with intravenous loop diuretic or hemofiltration. 3. Chronic treatment with a loop diuretic for control of HF symptoms. 4. Chronic diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography as evidenced by left atrial enlargement or at least stage II diastolic dysfunction. 5. Documentation of elevated NT-pro BNP levels or other natriuretic peptide marker (BNP, ANP) according to the laboratory and assay upper limit of normal in the previous year. 4. Stable medical therapy as defined by: 1. No addition or removal of ACE, ARB, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers (CCBs) for 30 days. 2. No change in dosage of ACE, ARBs, beta-blockers or CCBs of more than 100% for 30 days. 3. No change in diuretic dose for 10 days.
Exclusion criteria
1. Rhythm other than sinus rhythm (i.e., atrial fibrillation). 2. Neuromuscular, orthopedic or other non-cardiac condition that prevents patient from walking in a hallway. 3. Non-cardiac condition limiting life expectancy to less than one year, per physician judgment. 4. Current or anticipated future need for nitrate therapy. 5. Valve disease (\> mild aortic or mitral stenosis; \> moderate aortic or mitral regurgitation). 6. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 7. Known infiltrative or inflammatory myocardial disease (amyloid, sarcoid). 8. Pericardial disease. 9. Primary pulmonary arteriopathy. 10. Have experienced a myocardial infarction or unstable angina, or have undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) within 60 days prior to consent, or requires either PTCA or CABG at the time of consent. 11. Other clinically important causes of dyspnea such as morbid obesity or significant lung disease defined by clinical judgment or use of steroids or oxygen for lung disease. 12. Systolic blood pressure \< 110 mmHg or \> 180 mm Hg. 13. Diastolic blood pressure \< 40 mmHg or \> 100 mmHg. 14. Resting heart rate (HR) \> 100 bpm. 15. A history of reduced ejection fraction (EF\<50%). 16. Severe renal dysfunction (estimated GFR \<30 ml/min/1.73m2 by modified MDRD equation) GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 175 x (Scr)-1.154 x (Age)-0.203 x (0.742 if female) x (1.210 if African American) (conventional units), which would impede the safe administration of gadolinium for MRI studies contrast. 17. Hemoglobin \<10 g/dL. 18. Patients with known severe liver disease (AST \> 3x normal, alkaline phosphatase or bilirubin \> 2x normal). 19. Patients with a clinically indicated stress test demonstrating significant ischemia within a year of enrollment which was not followed by percutaneous or surgical revascularization. 20. Listed for cardiac transplantation. 21. Allergy to isosorbide dinitrate or hydralazine. 22. Current therapy with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as sildenafil, vardenafil or tadalafil, since the combination of nitrates and phosphodiesterase inhibitors can result in severe hypotension. 23. We will also exclude patients who are not suitable candidates for a cardiac MRI by virtue of having the following absolute or relative contraindications: (i) Central nervous system aneurysm clips; (ii) Implanted neural stimulators; (iii) Implanted cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator; (iv) Cochlear implant; (v) Ocular foreign body (e.g. metal shavings); (vi) Other implanted medical devices: (e.g. drug infusion ports); (vii) Insulin pump; (viii) Metal shrapnel or bullet; (ix) Claustrophobia; (x) Extreme obesity rendering the patient unable to fit into narrow-bore scanners; (xi) Unwillingness of the patient to undergo a cardiac MRI. All patients with metallic implants will be individually evaluated prior to MRI.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Wave Reflection Magnitude | 24 weeks | The dimensionless ratio of backward (reflected) to forward wave amplitude. Higher values imply more wave reflection. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of Life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Score) | 24 weeks | Quality of life, assessed with the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire (overall summary score, which ranges from 0 to 100). Higher values imply better quality of life. |
| LV Mass | 24 weeks | LV mass measured by MRI, in grams normalized to height in meters raised to the 1.7 power (m\^1.7) |
| Early Diastolic Mitral Annular Velocity | 24 weeks | Diastolic mitral annular velocity measured at the basal septal mitral annulus |
| Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction | 24 weeks | Myocardial extracellular volume, expressed as percent of total tissue volume, measured by MRI (T1 mapping pre and post-gadolinium administration) |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Isosorbide Dinitrate Dosage of Isosorbide Dinitrate will be 20mg (if Stage 1) OR 40mg (if Stage 2). All the subjects will be uptitrated to Stage 2 dosing, if they tolerate Stage 1 dosing. Frequency is three times daily to be taken at 8 AM, 2 PM and 8 PM. Duration is for 24 weeks. | 13 |
| Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine Dosage of Isosorbide Dinitrate will be 20mg (if Stage 1) OR 40mg (if Stage 2). All the subjects will be uptitrated to Stage 2 dosing, if they tolerate Stage 1 dosing. Frequency is three times daily to be taken at 8 AM, 2 PM and 8 PM. Duration is for 24 weeks.
Dosage of Hydralazine will be 37.5mg (if Stage 1) OR 75mg (if Stage 2). All the subjects will be uptitrated to Stage 2 dosing, if they tolerate Stage 1 dosing. Frequency is three times daily, to be taken at 8 AM, 2 PM and 8 PM. Duration is for 24 weeks.
Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine: Enrolled subjects will be randomized in a blinded fashion to 1 isosorbide dinitrate capsule TID + 1 hydralazine capsule TID. In addition, all subjects will receive a single in-lab dose of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerine (open label) before randomization to the blinded study drugs. Subjects receiving isosorbide dinitrate will be given 20mg PO q8am, 2pm, and 8pm and will be titrated up to 40mg PO q8am, 2pm, and 8pm. | 15 |
| Placebo Placebo: Enrolled subjects will be randomized in a blinded fashion to 2 placebo capsules TID. In addition, all subjects will receive a single in-lab dose of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerine (open label) before randomization to the blinded study drugs. | 16 |
| Total | 44 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Isosorbide Dinitrate | Total | Placebo | Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 61 years | 62 years | 66.5 years | 60 years |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 8 Participants | 27 Participants | 9 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 4 Participants | 16 Participants | 7 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 13 participants | 44 participants | 16 participants | 15 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 5 Participants | 13 Participants | 4 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 8 Participants | 31 Participants | 12 Participants | 11 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 13 | 0 / 15 | 0 / 16 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 8 / 13 | 9 / 15 | 1 / 16 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 3 / 13 | 3 / 15 | 1 / 16 |
Outcome results
Primary
Wave Reflection Magnitude
The dimensionless ratio of backward (reflected) to forward wave amplitude. Higher values imply more wave reflection.
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Isosorbide Dinitrate | Wave Reflection Magnitude | 0.38 dimensionless ratio |
| Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine | Wave Reflection Magnitude | 0.44 dimensionless ratio |
| Placebo | Wave Reflection Magnitude | 0.37 dimensionless ratio |
Secondary
Early Diastolic Mitral Annular Velocity
Diastolic mitral annular velocity measured at the basal septal mitral annulus
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Isosorbide Dinitrate | Early Diastolic Mitral Annular Velocity | 6.8 cm/s |
| Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine | Early Diastolic Mitral Annular Velocity | 7.3 cm/s |
| Placebo | Early Diastolic Mitral Annular Velocity | 6.5 cm/s |
Secondary
LV Mass
LV mass measured by MRI, in grams normalized to height in meters raised to the 1.7 power (m\^1.7)
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Isosorbide Dinitrate | LV Mass | 68.2 grams / meters ^1.7 |
| Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine | LV Mass | 66.2 grams / meters ^1.7 |
| Placebo | LV Mass | 67.2 grams / meters ^1.7 |
Secondary
Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction
Myocardial extracellular volume, expressed as percent of total tissue volume, measured by MRI (T1 mapping pre and post-gadolinium administration)
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Isosorbide Dinitrate | Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction | 29.0 Percentage |
| Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine | Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction | 31.3 Percentage |
| Placebo | Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction | 29.5 Percentage |
Secondary
Quality of Life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Score)
Quality of life, assessed with the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire (overall summary score, which ranges from 0 to 100). Higher values imply better quality of life.
Time frame: 24 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Isosorbide Dinitrate | Quality of Life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Score) | 62.1 Points on a scale |
| Isosorbide Dinitrate + Hydralazine | Quality of Life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Score) | 44.9 Points on a scale |
| Placebo | Quality of Life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Score) | 62.1 Points on a scale |