Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Conditions
Keywords
acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, Leukemia, ALL, 6-Thioguanine, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, PEG-L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Intrathecal Methotrexate, Mercaptopurine
Brief summary
Objectives: A. Primary objective: 1 To assess the feasibility and the effectiveness of pediatric type therapy (augmented BFM) in patients age 12 through 40 with untreated precursor-B or T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL). B. Secondary objective: 1. To evaluate the prognostic significance of minimal residual disease in bone marrow samples at the end of induction and at the end of consolidation in this group of patients. 2. To prospectively evaluate gene hypermethylation status in this group of patients. 3. To prospectively analyze asparaginase activity and anti-asparaginase antibody formation in this population of patients.
Detailed description
Induction: During Induction, you will receive augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster chemotherapy, which is made up of a combination of Cerubidine®, Daunorubicin Hydrochloride (daunorubicin), Oncovin® (vincristine), prednisone, dexamethasone, Oncaspar® (PEG Asparaginase), and MTX amethopterin (methotrexate). All of these drugs are designed to interfere with the multiplication of cancer cells to cause them to die and to keep the cancer from coming back. If you are found to be eligible to take part in this study, on Day 1 or during the spinal tap procedure, you will be given cytarabine as an injection in your spinal fluid. Within 3 days, you will begin the Induction course, which will last for 4 weeks. Daunorubicin and vincristine will be given through a needle in your vein on Days 1, 8,15, and 22. During the first week of therapy, you will be given 1 infusion of PEG Asparaginase by vein. You will take prednisone by mouth on Days 1-28. Methotrexate will be injected into your spinal fluid on Weeks 2 and 5 during your spinal tap. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies will be sent with each spinal tap to test the fluid for leukemia. If there is disease in your spinal fluid before starting the treatment, you will be given additional methotrexate doses once a week until there is no disease present. You will continue to receive methotrexate in spinal taps every other week for 8 doses, then monthly for 6 doses. Blood (about 3 teaspoons) will be drawn multiple times during the study for routine tests. You will have a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy on Days 15 and 29 and then as needed to confirm remission. If you have less than 5% immature cells in the bone marrow, 1 week after Induction, you will continue treatment with Consolidation 1. If you achieved remission after 4 weeks of Induction treatment, you will then have treatment with Consolidation 1, which will be discussed in a separate informed consent document. If you have LL and had no bone marrow involvement at screening, you will have a chest x-ray, CT scans, and PET scans to measure the disease. Consolidation 1 and other phases of chemotherapy will be discussed in a separate informed consent document. If you still have more than 5% leukemia cells in the bone marrow after Induction therapy, you will receive 2 extra weeks of therapy called Extended Induction before going to the next phase of therapy. You will receive daunorubicin by vein on Day 1. You will receive vincristine on Weeks 1 and 2 by vein. You will take prednisone by mouth on Days 1-14. You will receive PEG Asparaginase by vein in the first week of the Extended Induction. Blood (about 3 teaspoons) will be drawn weekly during the Extended Induction period for routine tests. At the end of the Extended Induction period, you will have a physical exam and a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy to learn your response to treatment. After Extended Induction, if the disease is in remission, then you will have 1 course of Consolidation 1, 2 courses of Consolidation 2, and 2 courses of Consolidation 3 before proceeding to Maintenance therapy. A separate discussion and informed consent document for Consolidation and Maintenance will be provided. Length of Study: You may remain on study for as long as you are benefiting. However, if after Extended Induction, the disease is not in remission, you will be taken off study, and your doctor will discuss other treatment options with you. You may be taken off study if the disease gets worse or comes back during treatment, intolerable side effects occur, new information becomes available to your study doctor, if your doctor thinks it is in your best interest, or if you do not attend your appointments, which are scheduled at least once every 3 months. This is an investigational study. The chemotherapy drugs used in this study are FDA approved and commercially available. Up to 125 patients will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at MD Anderson. Consolidation and Maintenance: During Consolidation, you will receive cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, PEG asparaginase, methotrexate, doxorubicin, 6-thioguanine, and dexamethasone. During Maintenance, you will receive, vincristine, dexamethasone, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate. All of these drugs are designed to interfere with the multiplication of cancer cells to cause them to die and to keep the cancer from coming back. If you achieved remission after 4 weeks of induction treatment, you will have treatment with Consolidation 1, Consolidation 2, Consolidation 3 (Parts A and B), and then you will proceed to Maintenance therapy. If the level of blast cells in your blood is above a certain level at Day 15 of Induction but you achieved complete remission by Day 29, or if you achieved remission after 6 weeks of induction plus extended induction, then you will receive 1 course of Consolidation 1, 2 courses of Consolidation 2, 2 courses of Consolidation 3 (Parts A and B), and then you will proceed to maintenance therapy. Consolidation 1 will last for 8 weeks (2 months). You will receive cyclophosphamide through a needle in your vein on Weeks 1 and 5. Cytarabine will be given as an injection just beneath the skin or by vein on or around Days 1-4 and Days 8-11 of each month. 6-Mercaptopurine will be taken by mouth on Days 1-14 of each month. Vincristine will be given by vein on Weeks 3-4 of each month. PEG Asparaginase will be given by vein on Week 3 and 6 of each month. You will receive methotrexate through a needle through your spine weekly during Month 1 only. Blood (about 3 teaspoons) will be drawn for routine tests. You will have a spinal tap with spinal fluid tests during the intrathecal methotrexate dose. A spinal tap (also called a lumbar puncture) is when a special needle is inserted into the lower back through the space between the bones to draw a sample of the fluid that surrounds the spinal cord. You will have a bone marrow aspiration at the end of Month 2. To collect a bone marrow aspirate, an area of the hip or chest bone is numbed with anesthetic, and a small amount of bone marrow is withdrawn through a large needle. Consolidation 2 will last for 7 weeks. You will receive vincristine and methotrexate by vein every 10 plus or minus 2 days for 5 doses. You will receive PEG Asparaginase by vein in Weeks 1 and 4. You will receive intrathecal methotrexate in Weeks 1 and 5. You will have a spinal tap with spinal fluid tests during the intrathecal methotrexate dose. Blood (about 3 teaspoons) will be drawn every 2 weeks for routine tests. Consolidation 3 (Part A) will last for 4 weeks. You will receive vincristine and Doxorubicin by vein in Weeks 1, 2 and 3. Dexamethasone will be taken by mouth on Days 1-7 and Days 15-21. You will receive PEG Asparaginase by vein on Week 1. You will receive intrathecal methotrexate in Week 1. Consolidation 3 (Part B) will last for 4 weeks. You will receive cyclophosphamide by vein in Week 1. You will receive cytarabine by vein or as an injection for 4 days in a row in Weeks 1-2. You will take 6-Thioguanine by mouth every day for the first 2 weeks. You will receive intrathecal methotrexate in Weeks 1 and 2. You will receive vincristine by vein on Weeks 3 and 4. You will receive PEG Asparaginase by vein on Week 3. During Consolidation 3 (Part A and B), blood (about 3 teaspoons) will be drawn at least weekly for routine tests. Spinal fluid tests will be sent with each intrathecal methotrexate dose. Spinal taps will be done during each intrathecal chemotherapy dose Once you finish Consolidation, you will proceed to maintenance therapy. The Maintenance period for ALL patients will last for 24 months. If you have ALL, you will receive vincristine by vein every month. You will take dexamethasone by mouth for 5 days every month. You will take 6-Mercaptopurine by mouth once daily. You will take methotrexate by mouth every week. You will receive intrathecal methotrexate every 3 months for the first 12 months of maintenance. You will have a spinal tap with spinal fluid tests during the intrathecal methotrexate dose. Maintenance for patients with LL will also last for 24 months. If you have LL, you will receive vincristine by vein every month. You will take dexamethasone by mouth for 5 days every month. You will take 6-Mercaptopurine by mouth once daily. You will take methotrexate by mouth every week. During the Maintenance period, all participants will have blood samples (about 1 to 3 teaspoons each time) drawn every 3 months for routine tests. If you have LL, you will have an additional positron emission tomography (PET) scan and computed tomography (CT) scan at the end of the Maintenance period. Follow-Up Visits: Your study doctor will inform you of your follow-up visits in the clinic. At each follow-up visit there will be a physical exam and complete blood count. You will be followed-up for the next 3 years after your the last dose of your chemotherapy. Length of Study: You may remain on study for as long as you are benefiting. You may be taken off study if the disease gets worse or comes back during treatment, intolerable side effects occur, new information becomes available to your study doctor, if your doctor thinks it is in your best interest, or if you do not attend your appointments, which are scheduled at least once every 3 months. This is an investigational study. The chemotherapy drugs used in this study are all FDA approved and commercially available. Up to 125 patients will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at MD Anderson.
Interventions
DRUGDaunorubicin
Starting Dose 25 mg/m\^2 by vein weekly
DRUGVincristine
Starting Dose 2 mg by vein weekly
DRUGPEG-asparaginase
Starting Dose 2000 International units/m2 by vein in week 1
Starting Dose 12 mg on week 2 and week 5 injected into spinal fluid
DRUGCyclophosphamide
Starting Dose 1g/m2 by vein in weeks 1 and 5
DRUGCytarabine
75 mg/m2 subcutaneous or by vein for four consecutive days on days 1-4 and days 8-11 of both months
DRUGMercaptopurine
Starting Dose 60 mg/m2 by mouth on days 1-14 of each month
DRUGMethotrexate
Starting Dose at 100 mg/m2 by vein and escalating by 50 mg/m2/dose every 10 +/- 2 days for 5 doses to toxicity (e.g myelosuppression or mucositis grade 3
DRUGDoxorubicin
25 mg/m2 by vein in weeks 1, 2 and 3
DRUGThioguanine
60 mg/m2 by mouth daily for two weeks
Sponsors
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Patients must have precursor-B or T-lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma. 2. Patients must be untreated or have had only one prior chemotherapy regimen for ALL or LL . Previously treated patients will be analyzed separately. 3. Age between 12 to 40 years old 4. Patients with Central Nervous System (CNS) disease or testicular disease are eligible. 5. Intrathecal therapy with cytarabine is allowed prior to registration for patient convenience. This is usually done at the time of the diagnostic bone marrow or venous line placement to avoid a second lumbar puncture. Systemic chemotherapy must begin within 72 hours of the first intrathecal treatment. 6. Signed informed consent prior to the start of systemic therapy. In the event of enrollment of a minor patient, an attempt to obtain assent from the patient must be documented, and parental consent must be signed. 7. Echocardiogram should be done within 72 hours of starting therapy if there are cardiac risk factors (e.g., history of hypertension or of myocardial infarction) 8. Creatinine should be \< 3 mg/dL bilirubin \< 3 mg/dl unless felt to be due to disease 9. Zubrod Performance status of \<3 10. Patients who received steroids more than 72 hours prior to study enrollment are eligible but will be analyzed separately
Exclusion criteria
1. Age less than twelve years of age or greater than 40 years. 2. More than one prior treatment regimen for ALL or LL. 3. The patient is pregnant or unwilling to practice appropriate birth control. 4. Presence of the Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 3-Year Event-Free Survival (EFS) | 3 Years | 3-year EFS was calculated based on the participants with a complete response (CR). Study regimen considered successful if it exhibits a 3-year EFS rate greater than 60% and response rate no less than 90% with Grade III-IV infectious toxicity rate in induction no more than 33%. |
| Overall Survival | Up to 12 years | Overall Survival defined: Time from date of treatment start until date of death due to any cause or last Follow-up. |
| Participants With a Complete Response (CR) | Up to 1 year | Complete Response defined as: Bone Marrow blasts \</= 5%, Platelets \>/= 100 and an Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) \>/= 1000 |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Participants Achieving Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) | up to 3 months | To evaluate the prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow samples of participants who achieved a complete response (CR) at the end of induction (day 29) and at the end of consolidation (day 84) in this group of patients. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment Period: October 2006 - March 2014
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Augmented BFM Therapy Induction + Maintenance: Daunorubicin, Vincristine, PEG-asparaginase, Intrathecal Methotrexate, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Doxorubicin, Thioguanine
Daunorubicin: Starting Dose 25 mg/m\^2 by vein weekly
Vincristine: Starting Dose 2 mg by vein weekly
PEG-asparaginase: Starting Dose 2000 International units/m2 by vein in week 1
Intrathecal Methotrexate: Starting Dose 12 mg on week 2 and week 5 injected into spinal fluid
Cyclophosphamide: Starting Dose 1g/m2 by vein in weeks 1 and 5
Cytarabine: 75 mg/m2 subcutaneous or by vein for four consecutive days on days 1-4 and days 8-11 of both months
Mercaptopurine: Starting Dose 60 mg/m2 by mouth on days 1-14 of each month
Methotrexate: Starting Dose at 100 mg/m2 by vein and escalating by 50 mg/m2/dose every 10
+/- 2 days for 5 doses to toxicity (e.g myelosuppression or mucositis grade 3
Doxorubicin: 25 mg/m2 by vein in weeks 1, 2 and 3
Thioguanine: 60 mg/m2 by mouth daily for two weeks | 120 |
| Total | 120 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Augmented BFM Therapy |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 24 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 96 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 22 years |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 104 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 120 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 44 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 76 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 6 / 120 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 111 / 120 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 64 / 120 |
Outcome results
Primary
3-Year Event-Free Survival (EFS)
3-year EFS was calculated based on the participants with a complete response (CR). Study regimen considered successful if it exhibits a 3-year EFS rate greater than 60% and response rate no less than 90% with Grade III-IV infectious toxicity rate in induction no more than 33%.
Time frame: 3 Years
Population: Of the 108 participants who had a complete response, 68 met the definition for 3 year EFS.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented BFM Therapy | 3-Year Event-Free Survival (EFS) | 68 Participants |
Primary
Overall Survival
Overall Survival defined: Time from date of treatment start until date of death due to any cause or last Follow-up.
Time frame: Up to 12 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented BFM Therapy | Overall Survival | 121 Months |
Primary
Participants With a Complete Response (CR)
Complete Response defined as: Bone Marrow blasts \</= 5%, Platelets \>/= 100 and an Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) \>/= 1000
Time frame: Up to 1 year
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Augmented BFM Therapy | Participants With a Complete Response (CR) | 108 participants |
Secondary
Participants Achieving Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)
To evaluate the prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow samples of participants who achieved a complete response (CR) at the end of induction (day 29) and at the end of consolidation (day 84) in this group of patients.
Time frame: up to 3 months
Population: Of the 108 participants who achieved a complete response (CR), 60 participants were MRD negative on day 29 and an additional 27 participants were MRD negative on day 84 for a total 87 MRD negative participants on day 84
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Augmented BFM Therapy | Participants Achieving Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) | Participants with CR and MRD negative on Day 29 | 60 participants |
| Augmented BFM Therapy | Participants Achieving Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) | Participants with CR and MRD negative on day 84 | 87 participants |