Transcutaneous auricular margin non-vagus nerve stimulation group:Electrical stimulation was given in the non-vagus nerve distribution area of the scaphoid ear

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation reduces postoperative delirium in elderly patients through the cholinergic system: a prospective, randomized, controlled study

Effect of perioperative transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on postoperative sleep quality in elderly patients -- a prospective, randomized, controlled study