Maternal anxiety during late pregnancy and labor pain among pregnant women Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, Maternal Anxiety, Labor Pain, Endorphin Massage, Mobile Health, Smartphone Application, Nonpharmacological Intervention, Childbirth, Antenatal Care
Conditions
Interventions
Participants will receive weekly endorphin massage sessions during the late third trimester until delivery. During active labor, an additional 20 to 30 minute endorphin massage session will be adminis
Endorphin Massage,AMAN Mobile Application,Endorphin Massage + AMAN Mobile Application,Standard Labor Care
Sponsors
Self Funded
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Pregnant women at gestational age 32 to 34 weeks 2. Singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation 3. Aged 18 to 35 years 4. Low risk pregnancy 5. Own and can operate a smartphone 6. Able to read and understand Indonesian language 7. Willing to participate for 8 weeks intervention or until delivery and provide written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. High-risk pregnancies (e.g., preeclampsia, diabetes, placenta previa) 2. Women with severe pain requiring immediate pharmacologic intervention 3. Use of sedatives or analgesics within the last 4 hours 4. Hearing or cognitive impairments that prevent app usage 5. Emergency obstetric referrals during labor
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Maternal anxiety Baseline at 32-34 weeks of pregnancy, Week 4, Week 8, and active labor the validated Indonesian version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Labor pain intensity Active labor, immediately before and immediately after intervention the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | — |
Countries
Indonesia
Contacts
Public ContactNining Sulistyowati
Akademi Kebidanan Anugerah Bintan
Outcome results
None listed