Diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetic retinopathy
Conditions
Interventions
This group includes patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had no evidence of diabetic retinopathy based on ophthalmologic assessment or documented retinal examination during the follow-
Screening,Screening
Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus who did not develop diabetic retinopathy,Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed diabetic retinopathy
Sponsors
rajavithi hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (ICD-10: E11.x or according to ADA criteria) 2. Patients aged 18 years or older at the time of diagnosis 3. Availability of both fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c measurements within a comparable time frame (e.g., within 3 months) 4. Documented retinal examination by an ophthalmologist or fundus photograph with an official report 5. Availability of at least 1 year of medical records prior to baseline laboratory measurements 6. At least two hospital visits to ensure continuity of care
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (ICD-10: E10.x) or gestational diabetes 2. Pre-existing retinal diseases unrelated to diabetes (e.g., retinal vein occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis) 3. Prior history of ocular surgery or laser treatment for DR before the study period 4. Severe systemic conditions that may interfere with glycemic interpretation (e.g., chronic liver failure or advanced chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5) 5. Missing key data, including FPG, HbA1c, or retinal examination results
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| the development of incident diabetic retinopathy N/A diabetic retinopathy | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| N/A N/A N/A | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Public Contacthathaichanok rattanapongsate
Rajavithi Hospital
Outcome results
None listed