Participants were adults diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 5 years, or type 2 diabetes mellitus of any duration requiring screening for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes mellitus
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Eligible participants were adults diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 5 years 2. type 2 diabetes mellitus of any duration. All participants had not undergone DR screening within the preceding six months.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Age less than 18 years 2.Pregnancy 3.Refusal to provide informed consent 4. Uninterpretable fundus images 5.Incomplete bilateral retinal imaging 6. Cross-exposure to other intervention strategies 7. Failure to attend educational activities (Groups 2 and 3 only) Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Screening of diabetic retinopathy 2 months after end of the intervention. Establishment of onsite portable non-mydriatic fundus photography with artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image interpretation. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cost-effectiveness in increasing DR screening rates 2 months after end of the intervention. Comparing total intervention costs with economic benefits in each group.,Cost-effectiveness in reducing vision loss attributable to DR 2 months after end of the intervention. Estimated cost savings from preventing future DR-related complications,Changes in participants knowledge and awareness following educational interventions 2 months after end of the intervention. Pre and post-intervention questionnaire scores. | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University