Athletes with visual impairment, including goalball athletes, commonly exhibit deficits in balance control due to the absence of visual input and reliance on proprioceptive and vestibular systems. Impaired neuromuscular coordination and postural stability can negatively affect movement control, directional changes, and the execution of sport-specific skills, particularly goal shooting accuracy. Muscle strength, especially in the core and lower extremities, plays a crucial role in maintaining pos
Conditions
Interventions
The functional balance training program was specifically designed to be safe and appropriate for athletes with visual impairment. All exercises were performed under the close supervision of trained as
Experimental Other,No Intervention No treatment
Functional Balance Training,Control Group
Sponsors
Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University
Professor Dr.Thanomwong Kritpet scholarship
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Male and female goalball athletes with visual impairment classified as B1, B2, B3 and holding Thai nationality 2. Goalball athletes with at least one experience of participating in a national-level competition or higher within the past two years 3. Aged between 18 and 35 years 4. No musculoskeletal injuries within the preceding six months 5. A Single Leg Stance Test performance exceeding 30 seconds 6. No diagnosed underlying medical conditions.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Occurrence of unforeseen circumstances preventing continued participation in the study, such as injury or accident 2. Voluntary withdrawal or unwillingness to continue participation in the study. All procedures were explained to the participants, and written informed consent was obtained prior to study participation.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Balance Before Intervention and at 8 weeks after end of the intervention Biodex balance system,Balance Before Intervention and at 8 weeks after end of the intervention Measured in Centimeters (cm) using the Y-Balance Test,Shooting Accuracy Before Intervention and at 8 weeks after end of the intervention Measured in Score using the Shooting Accuracy Test,Muscle strength Before Intervention and at 8 weeks after end of the intervention Measured in Newton-meter (Nm) using the Isokinetic dynamometer | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Physical fitness Before Intervention and at 8 weeks after end of the intervention The Skill-related fitness test | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Public ContactSutthipong Duangkanjana
Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University
Outcome results
None listed