Clinical measurements were obtained at baseline (pre-treatment), two weeks after BTX-A injection, and subsequently at monthly intervals for four months. anterior gingival display , posterior gingival display.
Conditions
Interventions
20 khat chewers presented with a gingival display of 3 to 8 mm upon smiling, and received BTX-A injections. The initial injection point was administered perpendicular to the skin, achieving a penetrat
Experimental Other,No Intervention No treatment
Khat chewers,non-Khat chewers
Sponsors
Hospital of Stomatology of Sanaa University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
20 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1- the presence of gingival display of 3 to 8 mm upon smiling. 2- attributed to hyperactive upper lip musculature. 3- good oral hygiene and were free from systemic diseases or parafunctional habits. 4- participants khat chewers, who had been chewing khat for at least two years and non-khat chewers.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1-Pregnant or lactating. 2- had an infection or inflammation at the injection site. 3-reported hypersensitivity or allergy to Botulinum toxin or its protein components. 4-presented with motor neuropathy or neuromuscular disorders. 5-were taking medications known to interfere with BTX-A efficacy. 6- had received a BTX injection within the preceding four months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| anterior and posterior gingival display Clinical measurements were obtained at baseline (pre-treatment), two weeks after BTX-A injection, and subsequently at monthly intervals for four months anterior and posterior gingival display | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| anterior and posterior gingival display Clinical measurements were obtained at baseline (pre-treatment), two weeks after BTX-A injection, and subsequently at monthly intervals for four month anterior and posterior gingival display | — |
Countries
Yemen
Contacts
Public ContactManal Abdullah
Stomatology hospital of sanaa university
Outcome results
None listed