Smoking, Nicotine addictionTobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. That responsible for approximately 8 million deaths annually [1]. Despite widespread awareness and available interventions. The smoking cessation remains challenging due to nicotine addiction and behavioral conditioning [2]. Smoking cessation
Conditions
Interventions
Vernonia cinerea Group: Participants received standardized Vernonia cinerea oral spray containing 10 mg/mL of standardized leaf extract. The extract was manufactured following Good Manufacturing Pract
Experimental Other,Experimental Other
VC group,SM group
Sponsors
Wuttiphong Phakdeekul
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 18-65 years 2. Current cigarette smoker
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Currently using or had used nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, or bupropion within the past 3 months 2. Had known allergies or hypersensitivity to herbal medications
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Nicotine cessation 3 mount RCT | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Nicotine cessation 3 mount RCT | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Public ContactWuttiphong Phakdeekul
Assoc.Prof.
Outcome results
None listed