Hypertension among elderly individuals in South Sumatera, Indonesia, focusing on stress-related blood pressure imbalance and reduced quality of life. Hypertension Elderly Progressive Muscle Relaxation Autogenic Training Blood Pressure Stress Anxiety Quality of Life Non-Pharmacological Therapy
Conditions
Interventions
The PMR is based on Jacobson'
s technique, which emphasises the systematic contraction and relaxation of large muscle groups in the body, starting from the feet to the face. This protocol is carried out for 30 minutes, three times
Pathan et al., 2023). Validity: Content validity is strong because the SOPs are based on the Jacobson protocol, which has been widely used in stress and blood pressure interventions. This is reinforce
s structure in clinical practice. Reliability: Ensured through the use of audio scripts and certified trainers, which provide standardization across sessions and locations (Pathan et al., 2023). The r
Arianti, 2025). Validity: Based on the classic Schultz &
Luthe approach that has been used in various populations and clinical conditions. Does not contain cultural or linguistic biases. Reliability: Obtained through a consistent exercise struct
Intervention of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR),Autogenic Training (AT) ,Intervention of PMR with AT,Control group
Sponsors
None listed
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
60 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Elderly individuals aged 60 years and above. Have mild to moderate high blood pressure, systolic 140-179 mmHg and/or diastolic 90-109 mmHg, based on repeated measurements. Able to follow verbal instructions and does not have severe cognitive impairment. Willing to participate in the study and sign an informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Elderly individuals with severe hypertension or a history of acute cardiovascular complications (e.g., stroke, heart attack). Elderly individuals who are undergoing similar relaxation therapy or other psychological therapy regularly. Elderly individuals with severe mental disorders may interfere with participation in the intervention. Elderly individuals with impaired consciousness or physical limitations that hinder the implementation of PMR/AT.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Blood Pressure before and after intervention systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Stress before and after intervention Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) instrument ,Anxiety before and after intervention Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI),Quality of Life before and after intervention WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire | — |
Countries
Indonesia
Contacts
Public ContactPuji Setya Rini
Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Palembang
Outcome results
None listed