Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Poor glycaemic control Low Knowledge of self-management Inadequate self-management Reduced quality of life family, peer support, quality of life, self-management, T2DM
Conditions
Interventions
Participants in the intervention group received a structured family and peer based diabetes self management education program delivered over four sessions within a 3 month period. Each session was led
Experimental Behavioral,No Intervention Behavioral
Family and Peer Support Intervention,Usual Diabetes Care
Sponsors
None
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
16 Years to 75 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Diagnosis: Adults diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), confirmed by a physician according to ADA criteria. 2. Treatment status: Receiving regular diabetes care (oral antidiabetic drugs, insulin, or combination therapy) 3. Family involvement: Having at least one family member or caregiver who agrees to participate in educational sessions. 4. Peer support availability: Willing to join structured peer-support activities provided in the intervention. 5. Consent: Able and willing to provide written informed consent to participate in the study. 6. Language and comprehension: Sufficient ability to communicate in Indonesian language and understand the educational materials provided.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Type of diabetes, Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus or other specific types of diabetes. 2. Severe comorbidities, Presence of severe chronic illnesses such as advanced renal failure, decompensated heart failure, active cancer, or severe liver disease. 3. Cognitive or psychiatric impairment, History of significant cognitive impairment, severe psychiatric disorders, or neurological conditions that interfere with the ability to participate in the intervention. 4. Participation in other interventions, Currently enrolled in another clinical trial or structured diabetes education program. 5. Physical limitations, Severe physical disability or mobility issues preventing participation in self-management or group activities. 6. Non-adherence risk, Unwillingness or inability to commit to scheduled follow-up visits and intervention sessions. 7. Lack of family or peer support, Patients without available family members or peers willing to participate in the intervention.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Glycemic Control Baseline and 3 months HbA1c | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Self-Management Baseline and 3 months Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ),Quality of Life Baseline and 3 months Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory,Diabetes Knowledge Baseline and 3 months Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire | — |
Countries
Indonesia
Contacts
Public ContactAkhmad Azmiardi
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Outcome results
None listed