Comparison of Effectiveness of Brief Mindfulness Meditation, Motor Imagery, and Action Observation on Dart-Throwing Performance: A Single-Blind Randomized Comparative Trial

Status

Active, not recruiting

Phases

Early Phase 1

Study type

Interventional

Source

TCTR

Registry ID

TCTR20251004001

Enrollment

Registered

2025-10-04

Start date

2020-02-16

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2026-08-03

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Motor skill acquisition in closed-skill tasks, modeled by dart throwing. The study tests mindfulness, motor imagery, and action observation as adjuncts to practice, with implications for sport training and stroke rehabilitation Motor skill acquisition, Closed-skill performance, Dart throwing, Mindfulness meditation, Motor imagery, Action observation, Flow state, Sport psychology, Neurorehabilitation, Stroke recovery

Interventions

Participants received brief mindfulness meditation training combined with physical practice for 30 minutes across 3 consecutive days. The program involved following an expert-guided audio clip for 15

Experimental Behavioral,Experimental Behavioral,Experimental Behavioral

Brief mindfulness meditation,Motor imagery training,Action observation training

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Age

18 Years to 22 Years

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: 1. Undergraduate students aged 18 to 22 years 2. Male and female 3. Beginners in dart sports 4. Normal or corrected to normal vision 5. Right handed 6. MIQ-3 score greater than 3.58 7. SPST-20 score lower than 41

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: 1. Prior experience more than 60 hours in mindfulness practice, motor imagery training, or action observation training within six months 2. Musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disorders, or neurological disorders that may affect participation 3. Professional athletes in sports requiring fine motor skills such as golf or petanque 4. AUDIT score higher than 16 or alcohol consumption more than 14 standard drinks per week

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Dart-throwing performance Day 1 (Pre-test), Day 3 (Post-test), Day 5 (Follow-up) Total dart score (30 throws)	—

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
Flow state Day 1 (Pre-test), Day 3 (Post-test), Day 5 (Follow-up) Flow State Scale (36 items)	—

Countries

Thailand

Contacts

Public ContactLalita Khuna

Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University

lalita.kh@psu.ac.th074451040

Outcome results

None listed

Source: TCTR (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Aug 10, 2026