Cesarean section delays the initiation of breastfeeding, and the breasts are not stimulated during the early postpartum period, which is a crucial time for the physiological process of milk production and secretion. This may result in delayed onset of lactation and reduced milk volume. Therefore, postpartum mothers who underwent cesarean section should be encouraged to stimulate the breasts through massage based on the physiology of lactation. Cesarean Mothers, Marmet Technique, onset time of m
Conditions
Interventions
Give Marmet Breast Massage to postpartum mothers within eight hours after cesarean section. The intervention will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (Marmet Technique plus routine lactatio
Experimental Behavioral,Active Comparator Behavioral
Marmet Breast Massage,standard care
Sponsors
Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
20 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 20 years or older 2.Underwent cesarean section at 37 to 42 weeks of gestation 3.Have a postoperative wound pain score of less than 5 4.Infant is healthy and in normal condition 5.Intend to exclusively breastfeed 6.Able to read, write, and communicate in Thai 7.Willing to participate in the study voluntarily
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Have medical contraindications to breastfeeding, such as severe hypertension, severe postpartum hemorrhage, HIV infection, or substance abuse, assessed from antenatal care history. 2.Have contraindications to breast massage, such as mastitis, infection, breast abscess, or breast injury. 3.Have visual or hearing impairments. 4.Have mental health disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder 5.Infant has congenital anomalies affecting breastfeeding, such as cleft lip, cleft palate, or swallowing difficulties. 6.Infant with severe illness requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| total breast milk volume on postpartum over 4 days 4 day Measured as the total expressed milk volume over 4 days, using a calibrated measuring container, recorded in milliliters. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| first time of breast milk secretion 4 day Measured as the number of hours from cesarean delivery to the first observed milk srecretion | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Public ContactNetiporn Namsorn
Chiang Mai University
Outcome results
None listed