Despite numerous anti-smoking campaigns by governmental and non-governmental bodies, smoking remains prevalent in Malaysia (Lim et al., 2013). Smoking increases free radicals and inflammatory markers, leading to cellular damage and health issues (Simioni et al., 2018). Regular exercise can counteract these effects and improve immune function. Moringa oleifera has shown strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in in vitro and animal studies (Sreelatha &
Conditions
Interventions
Participants in E group performed moderate intensity exercise for 8 weeks, 3 times per week, 50 minutes total duration including warm-up and cooling down.,Participants consumed 2 capsules of Moringa o
Experimental Other,Experimental Dietary Supplement,No Intervention No treatment
Exercise (E),Combined Moringa oleifera supplementation and Exercise (MOE),Control (C)
Sponsors
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Male
Age
25 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: i. Male ii. Age between 25 and 45 years old iii. Physically inactive (less than 600 MET-min/week - IPAQ) iv. Regular tobacco cigarette smokers (An adult who has smoked at least 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime, and who now smokes every day) v. Healthy (no medical illnesses)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: i. Has history of cardiac, hepatic, renal problems, etc. ii. Consuming Moringa oleifera within the last 3 months iii. Taking antioxidant and/or immune booster supplements within the last 3 months iv. Taking any other supplementary products
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Total antioxidant Status Pre-test (0 week) and post-test (8th week) the intervention period. ELISA Kit,Inflammatory markers Pre-test (0 week) and post-test (8th week) the intervention period. Creatine Kinase and C-reactive protein, ELISA Kit,Oxidative Stress Markers Pre-test (0 week) and post-test (8th week) the intervention period. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2-isoprostanes,Immune cells count Pre-test (0 week) and post-test (8th week) the intervention period. Full blood count (FBC), Differential Count (DC), Flow Cytometry, ELISA Kit | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cardiorespiratory fitness Pre-test (0 week) and post-test (8th week) the intervention period. 20 meter shuttle run test, estimated VO2 max,Quality of life Pre-test (0 week) and post-test (8th week) the intervention period. WHOQOL-BREF,Body Composition Pre-test (0 week) and post-test (8th week) the intervention period. Integrated bioelectrical impedance and height/weight scale (Tanita TBF-410GS, Japan) | — |
Countries
Malaysia
Contacts
Public ContactAyu Muhamad
UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
Outcome results
None listed