Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and/or impaired insulin secretion. Poor glycemic control in patients with T2DM increases the risk of both microvascular and macrovascular complications. In Thailand, T2DM is highly prevalent, especially in aging populations and those with sedentary lifestyles. Despite pharmacologic treatment, a significant proportion of patients remain with uncontrolled blood s
Conditions
Interventions
Participants in this group received individualized counseling and education focused on a low-carbohydrate diet. The dietary goal was to reduce carbohydrate intake to under 130 grams per day or less th
s diabetes clinic. The education was delivered over 24 weeks through monthly follow-up visits. It included general information on diabetes self-care such as healthy eating, regular physical activity,
Experimental Behavioral,No Intervention Behavioral
Low-Carbohydrate Diet,Standard Diabetes Education
Sponsors
None listed
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.Adults aged 18 years or older 2.Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 3.Stable medication or dietary plan for at least 3 months prior to enrollment 4.Able to attend follow-up appointments and comply with study procedures 5.Able to read, write, or understand Thai 6.Provide written informed consent to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Diagnosed with severe chronic kidney disease with eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 2.Diagnosed with chronic liver disease or liver cirrhosis 3.Currently undergoing treatment for cancer 4.Pregnant or breastfeeding 5.Diagnosed with dysphagia or any malabsorption disorder 6.Diagnosed with severe psychiatric disorder that may affect participation 7.Use of medications that significantly affect glucose metabolism
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Glycated hemoglobin level 24 weeks Milligrams percent | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Fasting blood glucose level 24 weeks milligrams per deciliter,Triglyceride level 24 weeks milligrams per deciliter | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Public ContactPanlapar Inlao
Rattanaburi Hospital
Outcome results
None listed