Protein-bound uremic toxin End stage kidney disease receiving hemodialysis Sevelamer Calcium carbonate Phosphate binder Protein-bound uremic toxin p-cresyl sulfate Indoxyl sulfate Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) End stage renal disease Hemodialysis
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age more than 18 years old 2. Chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis for more than 3 months 3. Hyperphosphatemia at least 5.5 mg/dL or currently receiving phosphate binders 4. Consent to the study
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Severe vascular calcification defined as symptomatic peripheral vascular disease, history of amputation due to peripheral vascular occlusion, recent cerebrovascular disease within 6 months and calciphylaxis 2. Baseline serum calcium more than 10.0 mg/dL before randomisation 3. Untreated secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism with PTH more than 1000 pg/mL 4. Pregnancy 5. Recent any routes on antibiotics within 2 weeks 6. Planned kidney transplantation within 6 months 7. Patients with terminal illness, life expectancy less than 6 months 8. Active infection or active malignancies 9. Likely to non-compliance 10. Patients receiving hemodiafiltration
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| p-cresyl sulfate change 24 weeks blood sample using high-performance liquid chromatography | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Indoxyl sulfate change 24 weeks blood sample using high-performance liquid chromatography,high sensitivity C-reactive protein change 24 weeks blood sample using nephelometer,intact parathyroid hormone change 24 weeks Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay,cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) change 24 weeks non-invasive blood pressure and phonocardiography | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Nephrology unit, Department of medicine, King Chulalongkorn memorial hospital