Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a group of chronic metabolic disorders distinguished by abnormal insulin sensitivity and increased blood glucose concentration. Poor sleep quality, and high levels of inflammatory markers are important factors for detecting vascularization Foot Exercises
Conditions
Interventions
Participants received the usual care, including pharmacological treatment, and both feet were immersed in a pail foot-bath that contained 5 liters of warm tolerable water (42 derajat C) for 15 minutes
Warm footbath salt water group,Foot exercise,Both warm footbath salt water and foot-ankle exercise,Usual care
Sponsors
None listed
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
17 Years to 79 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: (1) The study consisted of 97 cases with fasting plasma glucose more than 126 mg/dL or more than 7.0 mmol/L and these conditions were confirmed by physicians; (2) Indonesian nationals who are older than 17-79 years; (3) Have disturbances in sleep
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: This study will exclude those who (1) were pregnant; (2) had previous cancer, thrombotic autoimmune diseases, any auditory deficiencies, or other chronic and acute diseases; (3) had a disability; and (4) used antidepressants.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Quality of Sleep 3 (before, 14 th, 30 th after intervention) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Vascular Inflammation 3 (before, 14 th, 30 th after intervention) WBCs, NLRs, PLRs | — |
Countries
Indonesia
Contacts
Public ContactHealthy Seventina Sirait
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Cirebon (STIKes Cirebon) and Lincoln University
Outcome results
None listed