1. Balance 2. Lower Extremity Strength 3. Gait performance 4. Fear of falling 5. Fatigue 6. Quality of life Breathing Exercises, Diaphragm, Postural Balance, Muscle Strength, Gait, Falls, Fatigue, Quality of Life, Aged, Exercise Therapy, Physical Fitness.
Conditions
Interventions
Diaphragmatic breathing exercise will be performed as the patient places one hand on the chest and the other hand on the abdomen with minimal chest movement, breathing slowly and deeply through the no
Diaphragmatic Breathing,Diaphragmatic Breathing and Diaphragmatic Mobilization,control
Sponsors
Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
60 Years to 75 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Age 65 years to 75 years of age, Community dwelling older adult having MiniBEST score less than 17, Muscle strength of lower extremity not less than 3 (by MMT manual muscle testing), Walk short distances independently without any assistive device (i.e., Without a cane, walker, or caregiver assistance), Having a normal or corrected-to-normal vision, The participant without having abdominal beathing pattern will be included. The verification of the abdominal breathing pattern will be performed visually by an experienced examiner. The experienced examiner will evidence the two characteristic visual alterations of the abdominal wall. In specific, he will verify the intense abdominal wall expansion during the inspiration phase (without observable motion in the upper thorax) as well as its subsequent intense flattening and inward pull during the expiration phase. 8. Those participants who will be willing to attend all the sessions and they will not be allowed to skip any session.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Any musculoskeletal conditions which might make standing for extended periods of time impossible for example, advanced osteoarthritis affecting weight-bearing joints (e.g., knees, hips), severe disc herniation or compression leading to significant mobility limitations, and acute fractures impacting weight-bearing capabilities. Additionally, conditions such as severe spondylolisthesis or spinal stenosis that hinder the ability to maintain a standing posture for extended durations, Positive Rhomberg test. (To rule out vestibular and proprioceptive deficits). A positive test is an inability to maintain an erect posture over 60 seconds with eyes closed, Poor Cognition as indicated by a score less than 24 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Having any neurological or musculoskeletal conditions that might impair gait and, balance (such as a history of a cerebrovascular accident (motor control + weakness + sensory loss), Parkinson's disease (motor control + weakness), brain injury (motor control + weakness + sensory loss), Diabetes (with or without complication of peripheral neuropathy (motor and sensory, retinopathy), any considerable orthopedic impairments (such as fracture), or an acute illness), Taking medications that might interfere with postural balance such as: psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs) and some cardiac drugs (digoxin, type IA anti-arrhythmic, diuretics) are associated with increased fall risk called as fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs), If they have pelvic muscle dysfunction as indicated by checking 3 or more boxes on the Cozean Pelvic Health Screening Questionnaire (Behind and Back, 2023), Positive test for Diastasis Recti as indicated by greater than 2 mm of the inter recti distance, Previously involved in balance training as a component of physical therapy treatment, Already having diaphragmatic breathing pattern, BMI greater than 25 kg/m2, Currently participating in any kind of aerobic activity, like breathing exercises, yoga, swimming etc, If a participant misses more than 2 training sessions without makeup sessions to cover theses missed sessions.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Balance 3 (1st week, 8th week, 10th week) minibesTest questionnaire for balance,Gait performance 3 (1st week, 8th week, 10th week) minibesTest questionnaire,lower extremity strength 3 (1st week, 8th week, 10th week) five times sit to stand test questionnaire | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| fear of fall 3 (1st week, 8th week, 10th week) Active Balance Confidence questionnaire,fatigue 3 (1st week, 8th week, 10th week) fatigue severity scale (FSS) questionnaire,quality of life 3 (1st week, 8th week, 10th week) SF-36 short form questionnaire | — |
Countries
Pakistan
Contacts
Public ContactSoyba Nazir
Chulalongkorn University
Outcome results
None listed