Smokers aged between 18 and 65 years, smoked more than 5 cigarettes/day in the past 6 months, diagnosed by a dentist with mild or moderate oral inflammation, and healthy subjects with no allergic history to any ingredient in the lozenges. Moringa oleifera Lam., Vernonia cinerea, Lozenge, smoking, Oral inflammation
Conditions
Interventions
Group I received placebo. ,Group II received MO lozenge. ,Group III received MO+VC lozenge.
Other,Other,Other
Placebo,MO lozenge,MO+VC lozenge
Sponsors
Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI)
Naresuan University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Smokers aged between 18 and 65 years, smoked more than 5 cigarettes/day in the past 6 months, diagnosed by a dentist with mild or moderate oral inflammation, and healthy subjects with no allergic history to any ingredient in the lozenges.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria included subjects who had a history of disease including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, cancer, significant hepatic and renal impairment, neuro-logic and psychiatric disorder, and immunodeficiency, pregnant or breastfeeding, used drugs including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, immunosuppressive drugs within 6 months before the study visit, severe alcoholism or drug addict, and previous use of anti-inflammation or smoking cessation products within one month.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Oral inflammation 4 weeks oral examination score | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Gingival index 4 weeks Gingival index score | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Public ContactKanchana Usuwanthim
Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University
Outcome results
None listed