Hypertension stage 1,
Conditions
Interventions
IHT group was performed aerobic exercise training under hypoxic conditions: 48 min/day (5-
48 min walking on a treadmill,
min cooldown),
two days/week for six consecutive weeks.,No exposure or train.,IHE group was performed breathing through the hypoxicator,
two times a week at rest in sitting position: 48 min/day,
two days/week,
for six consecutive weeks.
Experimental Other,No Intervention Other,Experimental Other
Intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) group,Control group,Intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) group
Sponsors
Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
30 Years to 59 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Patients age between 30 to 59 years old; 2. Patients with stage I hypertension (a blood pressure of 140-159/90-99 mm Hg and of unknown cause) diagnosed by medical specialists according to the JNC8 guidelines in spited of concurrent use of antihypertensive agents; 3. Patients with LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL according to NCEP ATP III (2001); 4. Patients have body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2 in overweight, ≥ 25 kg/m2 in obese according to Asia-Pacific guideline (2008); 5. Patients had to be under optimal medication treatment for at least six months; 6. Patients had to be clinically stable (i.e. no crises or changes in medication) for at least three months
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients have a serious respiratory disorder (e.g. asthma, COPD); 2. Patients have a history of cardiovascular diseases (e.g. acute myocardial infarction, and/or unstable angina), history of heart failure and stroke; 3. Patients presenting with history of neuromuscular and musculoskeletal diseases for more than one month; 4. Patients have chronic kidney disease (stage I or more); 5. Patients have type II diabetes mellitus; 6. Patients presenting with endocrine disorders (e.g. hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism); 7. Woman in pregnancy and lactation; 8. Patients had to be continuous exposure for more than one week to altitudes above 1,000 m during the three months preceding inclusion in the study; 9. Patients who participate in the weight loss program or use of weight loss drugs; 10. Patients with psychology signs and symptoms (e.g. anxiety, depression)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Body composition 3 times (pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2) Body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis machine (ioi model 353),Blood pressure 3 times (pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2) blood pressure was measured by autonomic blood pressure mornitor., lipid profile 2 times (pre-test, post-test 1) 3 mL of venous blood samples from an antecubital vein was collected after overnight fast from 8:00, lipid profiles 2 times (pre-test, post-test 1) 3 mL of venous blood samples from an antecubital vein was collected after overnight fast from 8:00 f,Blood pressure 3 times (pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2) blood pressure was measured by autonomic blood pressure mornitor. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation 3 times (pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2) Heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation were monitored during hypoxic training by a pulse oximeter.,Lung function 3 times (pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2) Lung function was assessed using a Vitalograph pneumotrac (Vitalograph, Ireland),Heart rate variability 3 times (pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2) The measurement analysis of heart rate variability was using a device (SA-3000; Medicore),Muscle endurance (six-minute walk test: 6-MWT) 3 times (pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2) the six-minute walk test was measured of distance walk over a span of 6 minutes.,Hematological variables 2 times (pre-test, post-test 1) 3 mL of venous blood samples from an antecubital vein was collected for complete blood count. | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Public ContactWisutthida Saengjan
Outcome results
None listed