All subjects must be diagnosed as ID by psychiatrist and had fine motor impairment evaluated by an occupational therapist. Intellectual Disability,
Conditions
Interventions
All subjects with ID and impaired fine motor skill were individually toothbrushing training by visual pedagogy by dentists at baseline and reinforced at 3 and 6 months. They were also supervised tooth
days and by parents at home.
Experimental Other
Toothbrushing training guided by visual pedagogy
Sponsors
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
6 Years to 24 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Subjects who were 6-24 years old. - Subjects who had been diagnosed as ID following DSM-5 by psychiatrist. - Subjects had fine motor impairment including very poor, poor or below average level following PDMS-2 evaluated by an occupational therapist.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - people who were profound ID. - people who were severe disabled. - people who were unable to comply with dentists during oral examination or toothbrushing training (Frankl’s behavior rating scale one).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The effect of visual pedagogy-guided toothbrushing training on fine motor skill Baseline, 3 months, 6 months Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2),The effect of visual pedagogy-guided toothbrushing training on toothbrushing ability Baseline, 3 months, 6 months Toothbrushing ability scores,The effect of visual pedagogy-guided toothbrushing training on toothbrushing ability baseline, 3 months, 6 months toothbrushing ability score | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The effect of visual pedagogy-guided toothbrushing traing on oral hygiene Baseline, 3 months, 6 months plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) | — |
Contacts
Public ContactApiwan Smutkeeree
Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
Outcome results
None listed