children with learning disability children with learning disability physical activity cognitive benefits executive function
Conditions
Interventions
There were four stages in this study: a) confirmation,
b) the pre-
c) treatments,
and d) the post-
test. Each participant and his/her parent(s) were invited to visit the lab after school in the first stage. During that visit,
the informed consent form and a medical history questionnaire were given them to read and complete. After meeting the inclusion criteria,
each participant was equipped with an HR monitor and was randomly assigned into either the exercise group or control group.
Each participant then entered the pre-
which consisted of assessing the participant by having him or her complete the two tests. Participants were verbally instructed on how to perform the DAUF Sustained Attention Test,
responding as quickly as possible when the expected number of upside-
down triangles was shown. Any trial error was identified by the examiner,
and the participant was required to answer again until the correct answer was given. Then,
the given participant was given a 5-
minute rest in the lab. Next,
the given participant was verbally instructed on how to perform the Determination Test. For the Determination Test,
the participant was instructed to perform according to the various color stimuli and acoustic signals presented by pressing the corresponding buttons on the response panel. After each response trial&#
the examiner provided either the “accuracy rate" or "the correct responses on-
time†feedback,
and no other feedback or instruction was provided. After these two tests were completed,
Sponsors
Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei
University of Taipei,University of Taipei
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
10 Years to 12 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: inclusion criteria: a) a test score below age level on the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test; and b) reported as being free of intellectual disability, brain injury, and neural diseases.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria were as follows: a) comorbid conditions such as conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or serious affective disorders; and b) a personal history of brain injury or neurological disorders.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Executive function 30 minutes Neuropsychological tasks, the Determination Test and the DAUF Sustained Attention Test | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Executive function 30 minutes the Determination Test and the DAUF Sustained Attention Test | — |
Countries
Taiwan
Contacts
Public ContactChien-Chih Chou
University of Taipei
Outcome results
None listed