Patients undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery performed during February to September 2015 at Phramongklao hospital were enrolled in this study. Transdermal nicotine patch,
Conditions
Interventions
Nicotine,
the primary psychoactive component of cigarette smoke,
was found to have anti-
nociceptive effects in animal and volunteer studies via activation of descending central inhibitory pain pathways,
and via peripheral action. A systematic review and meta-
analysis of nicotine for postoperative analgesia suggests that perioperative nicotine administration was associated with a reduction in cumulative opioid consumption but no reduction in 24-
hour postoperative pain scores. All nine studies included in this systematic review were conducted in visceral pain operation,
such as pelvic and abdominal surgery,
which associated with silent nociceptors and autonomic nervous system. Although nicotine is widely acknowledged to possess visceral analgesic properties,
there are surprisingly no clinical studies in the literature evaluating its analgesic effects on somatic pain. ,Placebo
Active Comparator Drug,Placebo Comparator Drug
Transdermal nicotin patches,Placebo patches
Sponsors
Phramongkutklao hospital
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were classified in American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) Physical Status (PS) Classification I to II, had no clinically significant cardiovascular or CNS disease, and could operate a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria were known allergy to any of the study medications, contraindications to the use of the PCA morphine or any anesthetic drugs, chronic pain syndromes, a history of uncontrolled hypertension, myocardial disease, stroke, respiratory disease, pregnancy and the use of brachial plexus block during the operation.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| verbal NRS scores at recovery room arrival, 1st hour and 24th hour postoperatively none The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Intravenous PCA morphine consumption at recovery room arrival, 1st hour and 24th hour postoperativel none Mann-Whitney U test | — |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Public ContactSithapan Munjupong
Phramogkutklao Hospital
Outcome results
None listed