Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Conditions
Interventions
Strength training: 20 subjects will perform the training three times a week, on non-consecutive days, in the premises of the Athletic Center of the Physical Education and Sport Department of the State
Behavioural
G11.427.410.698.277
Sponsors
CEFE - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física UEM/UEL
Hospital Universitário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Be HIV-infected; make regular and correct use of ART for at least 1 year; do not present any motor impairment that affects the performance of tests and training; do not present any severe illness; not having been involved in the last 6 months with any physical exercise program; be older than 18 years.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Are using hormones, anabolic drugs or modulating immune therapy; present state of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting or poor oral intake of food; to present systemic infection in the 30 days before the beginning of the training; present current pregnancy or lactation; present state of advanced immunodeficiency and/or opportunistic infection; present some comorbidity that prevents the practice of exercise training; present any other contraindicated medical to the practice of physical activity.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Expected outcome 1 Dynamic muscle strength: Dynamic muscle strength will be determined by the 1 repetition maximum test (1-RM) for the bench press, leg press and biceps curl exercises. Prior to the beginning of the study, a familiarization protocol will be used in an attempt to reduce learning effects and establish the reproducibility of the tests. The form and technique of execution of each exercise will be standardized and continuously monitored in an attempt to assure the efficiency of the test. ;Observed outcome 1 Dynamic muscle strength: Exercise training led to a significant increase (p<0.05) in all exercises analyzed for dynamic strength and 1RM total, which did not occur in control group. The magnitude of difference was large for bench press (Pre= 36.9 vs Post= 41.3 kg, +12%, Cohen´s d= 1.00) and very large for leg press (Pre= 149.6 vs Post= 193.8 kg, +30%, Cohen´s d= 2.84), arm curl (Pre= 24.8 vs Post= 26.9 kg, +8%, Cohen´s d= 1.37) and 1RM total (Pre= 211.3 vs Post= 262.0 kg, +24%, Cohen´s d= 2.88). ;Expected outcome 2 Isokinetic muscle strength: Isokinetic strength evaluation was carried out at speed of 60°/s for knee extension in the concentric mode on a Biodex® Multi-Joint System – PRO dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, USA). The protocol consisted in a set of three repetitions performed bilaterally, and the choice of which leg to test first was made randomly. Subjects first performed a familiarization session and then a testing session, which occurred after a minimum of 48 hours after the familiarization session. We obtained the peak torque normalized by body mass and the mean power. ;Observed outcome 2 Isokinetic muscle strength: No significant differences were found for peak torque and mean power in the isokinetic test. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Expected outcome 3 Body composition: The modifications in the different components of body composition will be determined by bioelectrical impedance. BIA measurements will be used to determine the amount of total body water, fat mass and free-fat mass. ;Observed outcome 3 Body composition: No differences (p>0.05) regarding body composition variables (total body mass, BMI, lean body mass, fat mass, fat percentage, and extra and intracellular water) were found after the 16-week period. ;Expected outcome 4 Blood analysis: Total cholesterol (TC), LDLc, HDLc, triglycerides (TG) and glycemia will be measured biochemically. Serum levels of CT, HDLc and TG and plasma glucose levels will be determined by colorimetric-enzymatic method. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and total peroxides (LOOH) will be determined in plasma, both of which will be used as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. The reduced fraction of glutathione (GSH) will be determined in blood cells. The enzymes of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) defense system will be determined in the cell extract. The plasma homocysteine and the relative amino acids will be determined by gas chromatography using a commercially available kit. The determination of the plasma homocysteine levels will involve a preliminary pretreatment of the sample with SAH hydrolase and dithiothreitol to release protein-bound Hcy. The plasma vitamin B12 and folate will be determined by chemiluminescence using commercially available kits. ;Observed outcome 4 Blood analysis: Exercise prevented increases in LDL-cholesterol that occurred in the control group after 16 weeks. No differences were observed for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose in either group. Overall, exercise does not change homocysteine (Hcy) plasma concentration, Hcy metabolites or oxidative stress markers of people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, because hyperhomocysteinemic subjects may respond | — |
Countries
Brazil
Contacts
Public ContactRafael Deminice
CEFE - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física UEM/UEL
Outcome results
None listed