Menstrual process in healthy women
Conditions
Interventions
G1 experimental group: from the first day of the menstrual cycle, 15 unfed healthy women ingested a dose of Tahiti lemon juice (20 mL) diluted in water (150 mL) at two times: immediately after the ons
Dietary supplement
SP6.051.227
E02.190.755
Sponsors
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Healthy women aged 18-40 years who signed the informed consent form
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Women who used some type of hormonal contraceptive, with a history of gynecological diseases, immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, malignant neoplasms or history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Women who practiced intense physical activity or recently modified their physical activity patterns. Women who used chronic drugs such as non-hormonal anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressants, anxiolytics or antidepressants, or who used some type of medication in the 15 days prior to the start of the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| We were expected to find changes in levels of prostaglandins related to muscle contraction such as PGF2-alpha and PGE2. We used the immunoassay method (ELISA) to quantify the levels of these protaglandins in menstrual fluid and peripheral blood collected on the second day of menstruation.;Our results showed that the level of menstrual PGF2-alpha in the group treated with lemon juice (3165 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in the groups placebo (1955 ng/mL; p<0.05) and treated with meloxicam (1402 ng/mL; p<0.01). In relation to blood levels of PGF2-alpha, the values were lower in group treated with meloxicam (1.8 ng/mL) in comparison with the placebo group (5.2 ng/mL; p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between the group treated with lemon juice (3.4 ng / mL) and the meloxicam and placebo groups. In relation to PGE2, the menstrual values were lower in group treated with meloxicam (146 ng/mL)) in comparison with the groups submitted to lemons juice (328 ng/mL; p<0.01) and placebo (369 ng/mL; p<0.05). The PGE2 concentration values from the peripheral serum samples from all groups were below the sensitivity of laboratorial test and were therefore not computed in the analysis. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| We were expected to find alterations in the levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL6) and proteins (AKR1B1 and AKR1C3) related to the PGF2-alpha and PGE2 prostaglandin production pathways. We used the immunoassay method (ELISA) to quantify the inflammatory mediators and proteins related to the production of PGF2-alpha and PGE2 in menstrual fluid and peripheral blood collected on the second day of menstruation.;Our results showed that the group treated with lemon juice had a lower value (4.2 ng/mL) of menstrual TNF-alpha than the placebo group (9.3 ng/mL; p<0.05). However, in comparison with the group treated with meloxicam(5.9 ng/mL), there was no difference. In relation to the IL-1beta (meloxicam: 9.4 ng/mL, lemon juice: 6.5 ng/mL, placebo: 12.8 ng/mL) and IL-6 (meloxicam: 17.5 ng/mL, lemon juice: 42.8 ng/mL, placebo: 28.5 ng/mL) cytokines in menstrual fluid, it were not observed differences of levels between groups. Concerning the TNF-alpha present in the peripheral serum, the results showed that there was no difference in cytokine levels between groups (meloxicam: 0.5 ng/mL, lemon juice: 0.2 ng/mL, placebo: 0.2 ng/mL). The IL-6 and IL-1beta levels were below the quantification sensitivity of the ELISA kits and were therefore not computed in the analysis. Concerning to menstrual levels of AKRs proteins, the treatment with lemon juice did not significantly affect the concentrations of AKR1B1 (3.6 pg/mL) and AKR1C3 (8.6 pg/mL) in comparison with the control group (AKR1B1: 0.8 pg/mL e AKR1C3: 15.1 pg/mL). The Meloxicam-treated group experienced a significant decrease in level of AK1C3 (5.8 pg/mL) in comparison with placebo group (15.09 p<0.01). In relation to serological level of AKR1C3 (meloxicam: 4.5 pg/mL, lemon juice: 4.1 pg/mL, placebo: 4.3 pg/mL), there was not differences between three groups. The peripheric blood AKR1B1 levels from all groups were below the sensitivity of laboratorial test and were therefore not computed in the anal | — |
Countries
Brazil
Contacts
Public ContactRicardo Borra
Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada
Outcome results
None listed