Circulatory System Digestive System Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
Conditions
Interventions
White bread with water
White bread and cocoa beverage
Sponsors
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Phase 1. Individuals who are overweight or obese young adults aged 18–35 years with a BMI =25 kg/m² Phase 2. Older adults without diabetes aged 50 years and above with a normal fasting blood glucose levels and no prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus Phase 3.Healthy young adults aged 18–35 years with a BMI between 18.5–24.9 kg/m² and a normal fasting blood glucose levels Phase 4. Older adults with diabetes aged 50 years and above who are physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a stable glycaemic control and are on a stable oral hypoglycaemic medications
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Participants will be excluded if they: • are intolerant or allergic to cocoa, gluten, milk or dairy products; • are pregnant or lactating; • have gastrointestinal disorders, dysphagia or chronic inflammatory diseases; • are insulin-dependent people with diabetes; • have severe diabetic complications; • are taking medications known to interfere with glucose metabolism; • are heavy alcohol consumers or smokers; • engage in excessive vigorous physical activity; • or fail to comply with study instructions.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Change in capillary blood glucose | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Change in satiety ;Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure | — |
Countries
Ghana
Contacts
Public ContactFaustina ;Derrick Afi Atakora;Osei Tutu
Investigator ;Investigator
Outcome results
None listed