Anaesthesia
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Both sexes. 2. Age between 18 and 60 years. 3. ASA of class I, II. 4. Planned for elective laparoscopic major gastrointestinal surgeries expected to last more than 2 h.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Patient refusal. 2. Psychiatric diseases. 3. Body Mass Index > 35 Kg/m2. 4. History of alcohol or drug abuse. 5. Patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction. 6. Basal heart rate less than 60b/min. 7. History of chronic pain (pain present for more than 6 months). 8. Allergy to the drugs used in the study. 9. Pregnancy or lactation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Total dose of morphine consumed within 24 h after the surgery. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postoperative pain scores using Visual analogue score (VAS);Time taken for the first use of rescue analgesia;Duration of emergence time;Sedation score using Ramsay sedation scale;PONV using a 4-point verbal rating scales (VRS);Time for restoration of intestinal function;Patient satisfaction on postoperative analgesia ; Incidence of bradycardia, pruritus, shivering and respiratory depression. | — |
Countries
Egypt
Contacts
professor of anesthesia ICU and pain management faculty of medicine Mansoura university