Anaesthesia
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Adults 18–60 years scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ASA physical status I or II BMI < 35 kg/m².
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Chronic opioid use (>30 MME/day for >3 months). Contraindications to study medications (e.g., severe hepatic impairment; allergy/contraindication to lidocaine, dexmedetomidine, ketamine, fentanyl, or NSAIDs). Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²). Significant cardiac conduction abnormalities. Pregnancy or lactation. Emergency surgery or conversion to open cholecystectomy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| • Pain intensity at rest (VAS 0–10) at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| • Cumulative opioid consumption (MME) 0–24 h and 24–48 h. • Time from end of anesthesia to extubation and to Aldrete =9. • Hemodynamic stability (MAP, HR, SpO2) and postoperative hypoxemia (SpO2 20% change from baseline). • Time to first rescue analgesia (minutes from PACU admission). • Quality of recovery (QoR-40) at 24 h. • Bowel recovery (time to first flatus, hours). • Ambulation tolerance (distance walked at 8 h and 24 h). • Adverse events (respiratory, cardiac) during hospitalization.. | — |
Countries
Egypt
Contacts
Prof