Anaesthesia
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. All American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes I to III 2. Aged = 18 years to 80 years 3. Presenting for thoracotomy who give a written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Infection of the skin at the site of the needle puncture 2. Known allergies or contraindications to any of the study drugs, 3. Body mass index (BMI) =40 or =18 kg/m2 4. Pre-existing pain syndromes 5. Chronic opioid use and addiction 6. Pregnancy 7. Patients with uncontrolled cardiovascular disease (New York Heart Association (NYHA)class >II) 8. Uncontrolled diabetics HBA1c > 8% 9. Severe hepatic disease (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase greater than 2 times upper limit of normal reference range) 10. Renal disease (serum creatinine greater than 177 umol/L, oliguria, anuria, or requiring haemodialysis)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary outcome will be the NRS pain scores | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The secondary outcomes will be the NRS pain scores during cough, ;The cumulative morphine consumption ;The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, hypotension, respiratory depression, local anaesthetic toxicity, ;Patient satisfaction with postoperative pain relief | — |
Countries
Ghana
Contacts
Consultant Anaesthetist Head of Anaesthesia Department University of Ghana Medical Centre