Anaesthesia
Conditions
Interventions
Group S SPANK Group
Group I IPACK Group
Sponsors
Al Azhar University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients scheduled for elective unilateral total knee replacement surgery. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II. Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 40 kg/m². Ability to understand and use the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment. Patient provides informed written consent to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patient refusal to participate. Known hypersensitivity or allergy to any drug used in the study protocol (e.g., local anesthetics like bupivacaine, dexmedetomidine, nalbuphine, fentanyl, midazolam). Contraindications to regional anesthesia (spinal block or peripheral nerve blocks), such as: Coagulopathy or bleeding disorders. Infection at the proposed injection site. Severe underlying neurological disease. History of chronic pain disorder requiring regular daily use of narcotic (opioid) medications. Significant psychiatric or cognitive disorder that would impair the ability to participate or report pain scores.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Duration of postoperative analgesia. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postoperative pain intensity at rest. | — |
Countries
Egypt
Contacts
Public ContactOsama Helal Ahmed
Professor and head of Anesthesia
Outcome results
None listed