Effects of the Use of Chewing Stick (Massularia acuminata) and Toothbrushing on Bad Breath

Effects of the Use of Chewing Stick (Massularia acuminata) and Toothbrushing on Volatile Sulfur Compounds Concentration and Tongue pH: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Status

Active, not recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Interventional

Source

PACTR

Registry ID

PACTR202309483223413

Enrollment

Registered

2023-09-15

Start date

2023-09-08

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2026-09-14

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Oral Health

Interventions

Toothbrush and Toothpaste Only

Chewing stick

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: Participants with mild to moderate gingivitis. Participants aged 18 to 29 years old.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: Presence of periodontitis and necrotizing oral lesions. Presence of systemic diseases such as respiratory illnesses, kidney diseases and diabetes. Pregnancy. Use of antibiotics within six weeks of study participants recruitment. Impaired manual dexterity. Use of dental prostheses such as orthodontic appliances, dentures. Tobacco smoking and use of e-cigarettes. Less than 20 teeth in the upper and lower arch.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Volatile sulphur compounds level	—

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
Tongue pH, Oral hygiene status, gingival health status, bleeding on probing sites, oral hygiene practices, and self-perception of halitosis.	—

Countries

Nigeria

Contacts

Public ContactDahunsi Adungbe

Dentist LUTH

0olu.nonso@gmail.com+2347083423650

Outcome results

None listed

Source: PACTR (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Sep 19, 2026