Hospital environment, anxiety, hospital anxiety, procedural distress Procedural anxiety
Conditions
Interventions
The PED intervention included dynamic cove lighting along the ceiling perimeter, washing the walls in inviting colors. This lighting could be changed in color, intensity and tone and adapts to the the
Sponsors
Erasmus MC, Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam
Eligibility
Age
2 Years to 17 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Paediatric patients undergoing an ultrasound at the Erasmus MC – Sophia aged 4 to 18 years.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:Children with an intellectual disability. Inability of parents to read or write Dutch
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The main outcome was the patient’s state anxiety level during the procedure assessed with the State Trait Inventory for Children (STAI-C) completed by the parents. This is a questionnaire containing two scales for trait and state anxiety (32), which both have been well validated and have good reliability (32-34). In this study, only the state subscale was utilized, consisting of twenty items (e.g., ‘My child feels safe’ and ‘My child is relaxed’) with a four-point Likert-scale (1 = not at all; 4 = very much). To minimize burden for the patients, only their parents completed this scale, reporting on their child’s anxiety level during the procedure. Total scores on this scale can range from 20 (lowest possible anxiety) to 80 (highest possible anxiety). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Patient’s state anxiety level was also assessed using a ten-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). This VAS on the patient’s level anxiety during the ultrasound, ranging from 0 (no anxiety at all, happy emoticon) to 10 (worst imaginable anxiety, unhappy emoticon), was completed by patients as well as parents. Moreover, satisfaction with the ultrasound exam was assessed using a VAS as reported by the patient, parent and radiologist or nurse. Patients were again provided with a ten-point VAS (0 = very unsatisfied, unhappy emoticon; 10 = very satisfied, happy emoticon). Parents were asked to rate their satisfaction with the procedure room and radiologists were requested to rate their satisfaction with the procedure itself. Both of these satisfaction measures used a ten-point scale ranging from 0 (very unsatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied). Additionally, the radiologist/nurse was asked to report the ease of performing the ultrasound on a ten-point VAS (0 = very difficult; 10 = very easy). | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Contacts
Public ContactB. Dierckx
Erasmus MC, Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam
Outcome results
None listed