Bone health, osteoporosis, energy availability Bone strength, nutrional status
Conditions
Interventions
None
Sponsors
HAN University of Applied Sciences
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Elite runners:Age 18 to 45 yearsNational or international level competitive athleteAverage weekly training volume =100 km per weekWilling to give informed consentWilling to comply to study proceduresAccept use of all encoded data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data for 15 yearsAmateur runners:Age 18 to 45 years=3 years competitive athlete at the regional levelAverage weekly training volume =60 km per weekWilling to give informed consentWilling to comply to study proceduresAccept use of all encoded data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data for 15 yearsElite cyclists:Age 18 to 45 yearsAffiliation with a Continental team, ProTeam or WorldTour teamWilling to give informed consentWilling to comply to study proceduresAccept use of all encoded data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data for 15 yearsAmateur cyclists:Age 18 to 45 years=3 years average weekly training volume =12 hours per weekWilling to give informed consentWilling to comply to study proceduresAccept use of all encoded data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data for 15 yearsElite swimmers:Age 18 to 45 yearsNational or international level competitive athleteWilling to give informed consentWilling to comply to study proceduresAccept use of all encoded data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data for 15 yearsAmateur swimmers:Age 18 to 45 years=3 years active as a competitive swimmer at the regional levelWilling to give informed consentWilling to comply to study proceduresAccept use of all encoded data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data for 15 years
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Having a history of medical conditions (e.g. hyper- or hypoparathyroidism, hyper- or hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis) that may significantly affect bone metabolism.Use of medications known to interfere with bone metabolism (e.g., glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones in supraphysiological doses, aromatase inhibitors, anti-seizure medication) within three months prior to Day 01 of the study (use of hormonal contraception (e.g., oral contraceptives, hormonal intrauterine devices, implants) is not an exclusion criterion).Use of antiresorptive or anabolic bone agents within one year prior to Day 01 of the study.Participation in any clinical trial including blood sampling and/or administration of substances up to 30 days before Day 01 of this study.Participants who have had a traumatic fracture recently (<2 years) at both distal radii and distal tibiae will be excluded from the HR-pQCT measurement. Female participants who are pregnant or lactating.Smoking (current heavy smoking, >10 cigarettes/day).Excessive alcohol consumption (>3 drinks/day).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck bone mineral density.Volumetric BMD and cortical and trabecular microarchitecture of the distal radius and tibia.Bone strength (failure load) of the distal radius and tibia. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Whole body BMD, as assessed by DXA.Non-dominant forearm BMD, as assessed by DXA.Presence of a vertebral fracture as assessed by Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA) with DXA.Anthropometrics (height, weight, lean mass, fat mass)Average weekly exercise training volume during the preceding 12 months. Blood parameters of bone health and energy availability: Procollagen type I N propeptide (P1NP), carboxy-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), parathyroid hormone (PTH), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), serum total and free triiodothyronine (T3), serum total and free testosterone.Current and life time sports participation.Low energy availability questionnaireEating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)Tibial bone loading during a typical training speed as determined with markerless motion capture (OpenCap) | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Contacts
Public ContactLPM Hilkens
HAN University of Applied Sciences
Outcome results
None listed