Psychische problematiek en delict gedrag Levensloopaanpak-client
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Universiteit van Tilburg
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria for the current study are those outlined by the Levensloopaanpak, as all clients included in the Levensloopaanpak from 1-1-2019 up to and including 31-12-2024 will be included in the study. The criteria outlined by the Levensloopaanpak are as follows: 1) Individuals (min. 18 years old) who (are at risk of) exhibiting aggressive and/or dangerous behaviour as a result of a mental disorder and/or a mild intellectual disability and/or non-congenital brain injury; 2) The individual shows dangerous behaviour towards others/society or evidence of (high) risk of this behaviour is present; 3) There are long-term, recurring (co-existing) conditions that are difficult to manage and cannot be adequately managed within existing support, care and guidance systems; 4) In part due to dominant behavioural problems, there is a need for structured treatment and guidance, preferably in an outpatient setting; 5) There is, or was, a treatment order mandated by the courts as a result of the dangerous behaviour towards others/society; 6) There is a risk that without a comprehensive offer of outpatient intensive care and support, appropriate help or housing, there is a greater chance of recurrence of the dangerous behaviour that is inextricably linked to the mental disorder, the mild intellectual disability and/or non-congenital brain injury.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria are only applicable to (voluntary) interviews investigating opinions and experiences of clients of the Levensloopaanpak, as all individuals included in the approach from 1-1-2019 up to and including 31-12-2024 will be included in the study. Clients will be excluded from eligibility for participation in interviews if the responsible case manager (Levensloopcoördinator) deems participation unsafe, potentially detrimental to the therapeutic relationship between them or between the client and any other party involved, or a threat to their psychiatric or psychological state of mind. Further, clients with an acute (within the last 3 months) and invalidating episode of a psychiatric illness (i.e., major depression, manic episode, psychotic episode), as determined by the case manager, will be excluded from the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| To investigate the influence of the LLA on nuisance behaviour, E33 registrations will be used as the primary outcome measure. These are registrations made by police in the event of 'public nuisance caused by an individual with confused/misunderstood behaviour'. Events leading to an E33 registration are diverse, ranging from panhandling to physical aggression and vandalism. In 2023, a total of 141.724 E33 registrations were made in the Netherlands. A large portion of these E33 registrations are caused by the same, relatively small group of individuals (Verward/Onbegrepen Gedrag en Veiligheid. Eindrapport Parlementaire Verkenning, 2024). It is currently unknown how many of these registrations are caused by LLA clients. However, given their psychiatric problems, persistent problematic behaviour, and fragmented support systems, it is likely that many E33 registrations are associated with those included in the LLA. These registrations do not always indicate dangerous and/or criminal behaviour and do not always lead to arrest, they do require police resources and can have broader societal implications. The current study will investigate changes in the annual frequency and prevalence of E33 registrations over a period of four years before inclusion, during inclusion and (maximum) four years after inclusion in the LLA. Changes in frequency and prevalence of E33 registrations will be investigated at the individual level, between care and safety regions, for different groups, different demographics and for the entire study population. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The secondary outcomes consist of several variables measuring different levels of criminal behaviour, namely arrests, recidivism and risk of recidivism. By investigating the influence of the LLA on multiple measures of criminal behaviour, in addition to E33 registrations, a comprehensive view of the criminal behaviour displayed by LLA clients and the different levels of impact this may have on society is gained. This study will investigate changes in the annual frequency, prevalence and severity of arrests and recidivism over a period of four years before inclusion, during inclusion and (maximum) four years after inclusion. In addition, shifts in risk of recidivism, assessed through validated risk assessment instruments, will be investigated, along with objective quality of life metrics to gauge clients' objective well-being and satisfaction with life. Using objective indicators for quality of life alongside risk factors provides a fuller picture of well-being and behaviour, with higher life satisfaction often linked to lower arrests and recidivism risks. This enables the LLA to offer more targeted support for lasting reintegration. Differences across these measures will be investigated on an individual level, between Care and Safety regions, for various groups, different demographics, and across the overall study population. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed