Acute intoxicatie acute intoxication being drugged
Conditions
Interventions
Subjects go through three experimental conditions,i.e. placebo, a recreational
dose of nitrous oxide (4 liters 100% by inhalation), and a double recreational
dose of nitrous oxide.
Sponsors
Universiteit Maastricht
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Age 18-64 - being in possession of a valid driver's licence (in the Netherlands) - Being in good physical and mental health as determined by a medical questionnaire and medical examination by a physician. - Have experience with the use of nitrous oxide ( >=1 moment in the past with at least 1x >=2 consecutive doses). - Experience with the method of administration (100% N2O bolus via balloon inhalation). - Be fully vaccinated against sars-cov-2 at least 14 days prior to the first physical encounter. - Applicants who are not or incompletely vaccinated for sars-cov-2 can enroll if they are willing to wear a face mask typ IIR during each visit (with the exception of during drug administration)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: -use of nitrous oxide > 10 different times in the past year and/or have used >10 recreational doses (i.e. >10 balloons filled with 3 - 8 liters, 100% nitrous oxide) per time. These limits describe 80% of recreational users (van Amsterdam et al., 2015). Adherence to these limits avoids the inclusion of excessive users whose psychomotor functioning may be impaired by neuropathy associated with excessive use. - Recent use of sedating, stimulating or dissociating drugs. This is assessed by questioning and possibly requesting patient records from GPs. - Recent use of other common intoxicants determined through a urine test at the start of the training and test days (Surestep* urine drug screen casette for amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methamphetamines, morphine, THC). - Recent use of alcohol as determined by a positive breath test. - Excessive use of alcohol (>=21 standard glasses per week for men or >=14 standard glasses per week for women) - Pregnancy (determined by Alere* urine hCG test at start of first day of testing) and/or not using any contraceptives for women of childbearing potential - Latex allergy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Tracking error in mm during divided attention task (DAT) - Reaction times after appearance of target stimuli during divided attention task (DAT) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Number of correct answers during digit-symbol substitution test (DSST) - Time required for completion of trailmaking test (TMT) - Intensity or applicability of subjective experiences in mm as indicated on different visual analog scales (VAS) and drug effects questionnaire (DEQ) - N2O concentration in exhaled air in parts per million (ppm) - Baseline nervousness determined as score on state-trait anxiety inventory, state portion (STAI-S, questionnaire) - Sleep quality during the previous night as score on Groningen Sleep Quality Scale (GSQS, questionnaire) - Task-related nervousness and metacognition as score on Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ, questionnaire) - Time to start of computer tasks after cessation of drug administration - Bispectral index during drug administration and task execution - trait-impulsivity measured with barrat impulsiviness scale (BIS, questionnaire) - feelings of depression, anxiety or stress during the week prior to each testing session, assessed with depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS, questionnaire) | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed