Breast milk composition
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Wageningen Universiteit
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: •Aged >18 years •Having a pre-pregnancy BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 •>6 months pregnant at time of enrollment •Able to provide a breast milk sample between the 4th and 8th week postpartum •Planning to exclusively breastfeed until at least 3 months postpartum (this will not include any formula given due to medical reasons within the first week after delivery) •Fulfilling the criteria of belonging to one of the three ethnicities of interest (see 8.1.1) •Written informed consent obtained And her infant was: • Delivered at full term, at 38 (starting at 37+1) -41 weeks • Delivered apparently healthy (no diagnosed (chronic) illness) • Delivered with a birthweight of at least 2,5 kg • Delivered through vaginal delivery • Not receiving antibiotics
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Mothers cannot participate if they: • Are expecting twins • Cannot breastfeed their newborn • Are currently deviating from their usual dietary pattern (following a diet aimed to lose weight) •Are experiencing symptoms of (chronic) conditions that might affect nutrient absorption (e.g. Crohn's disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome) •Are diagnosed with a gastrointestinal disorder • Are unable to read and understand the Dutch or English language
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Breast milk composition: analysis of lipids, proteins, enzymes, immuno proteins, hormones, amino-acids and carbohydrates - Maternal diet | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Infant gastrointestinal (GI) health - Infant development - Infant gut microbiota composition - Maternal nutritional status | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed