diabetes type 2 diabetes
Conditions
Interventions
Intermittent cold exposure inducing at least 1 h of shivering per day for 10
days.
Sponsors
Universiteit Maastricht
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a subject must meet all of the following criteria: - Signed informed consent - Caucasian - Healthy (as determined by dependent physician based on medical questionnaire and ECG) - Man, or postmenopausal (defined as at least 1year post cessation of menses) woman - Aged 40 - 75 years at the start of the study - BMI between 27 and 35 kg/m2 - Stable dietary habits (no weight loss or gain >3kg in the past 3 months)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study: - Not meeting all inclusion criteria - Medication use known to hamper subject*s safety during study procedures - Co-morbidities to which the intervention or program that may pose as a complicating factor - Subjects diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases or cancer - Fasting plasma glucose * 7.0 mmol/l - Haemoglobin 20 ug/L - Previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes - Abuse alcohol/drug abuse - Subjects who do not want to be informed about unexpected medical findings during the screening/study or do not wish that their physician is informed. - Engagement in structured exercise > 2h per week - Participation in another biomedical study within 1 month before the first study - Smoking - Cold-acclimated, such as takes daily extended cold baths, works in a refrigerated environment, or regular cold-water swimming within 1 month of starting the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary study outcome of this study is area under the curve of the oral glucose tolerance test | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The secondary outcome parameter of this study is skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation, as assessed by immunihistochemistry and wide-field microscopy | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed