Depression Major Depressive Disorder
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: • Males and females between 18-70 years of age • First or recurrent episode of unipolar major depressive disorder, with and without psychotic features (as defined by DSM-IV-TR) • Treatment resistance for at least two antidepressants
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: • ECT within one year prior to the current course • Use of benzodiazepines within 24 hours before ECT • Presence of a current or past relevant somatic disorder • Presence of comorbid bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or substance abuse disorder • MRI-related exclusion criteria (i.e. claustrophobia, pregnancy, internal metal objects, etc.) • ECT-related exclusion criteria (recent cerebrovascular disease or brain surgery, recent cardiac arrest, unstable angina pectoris (NYHA IV), pheochromocytoma)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - changes in functional connectivity in resting state networks as a function of treatment (response) - changes in VTA-related BOLD-signals and habenula-VTA connectivity coding for Temporal Difference Errors in reward/punishment-related learning as a function of treatment (response) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - changes in structural brain characteristics (cortical thickness, subcortical volumes) as a function of treatment (response) | — |
Countries
Netherlands