attachment behavior in close relationships.
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Universiteit van Tilburg
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a subject must meet all of the following criteria: • DSM-5 classification for personality disorder, eating disorder, depression and/or anxiety. • Age of 18+.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study: • A currenct psychotic episode • Under influence of a substance or medicine influencing judgement, hallucinations or the senses. • Mental retardation. • Insufficient Dutch language skills. • Blindness or very poor eye sight. • Autism. • PTSD type 1. - Social anxiety - Score of >34 on SIAS questionnaire
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 8.1.a Main study parameter/endpoint The dependent variables are virtual distance and reaction times. Virtual distance in meters will be collected through the Virtual Reality software. (Steenbakkers et al., 2019). Reaction times will be collected through the Virtual Reality software. (Steenbakkers et al., 2019). The independent variable is attachment style, specifically anxious attachment style and avoidant attachment style. The Dutch version of the Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised (ECR-R) consisting out of 36 items was used to measure these dimensions of insecure attachment styles (Fraley, Waller, Brennan, 2000; Sibley & Liu, 2004). Participants were asked to think about their close relationships, without focusing on a speciWc partner, and rate the extent to which each item accurately described their feelings in such relationships using a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (very much). Eighteen items measured attachment-related anxiety (e.g., I worry about being abandoned) and 18 items measured avoidance (e.g., I prefer not to show a partner how I feel deep down). The reliability and validity of the two subscales have been repeatedly demonstrated (e.g., Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007) 8.1.b Secondary study parameters/endpoints (if applicable) Self reported anxiety was measured using a short and Dutch version of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) consisting out of 6 items using a 4 point scale ranging from *not at all* to *a lot* (Marteau & Bekker, 1992). Skin conductance level will be measured (Boucsein, 2012; Dindo & Fowles, 2008; Bekedek & Kaernbach 2010) using two Ag-AgCl electrodes of approximately 1 cm² attached to the hand palm of the participant. The non-dominant hand of the participant will be used. Between the two electrodes a weak voltage of 0,5V will be applied. The participants cannot feel such a weak voltage. The difference in resistance between the two electrodes measured with the low voltage ind | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 8.1.c Other study parameters (if applicable) Information about autonomy, emotion regulation, DSM-5 classification, age, sex, treatment method, previous treatments, and medication is also collected as they might be confounding variables. Information about age, previous treatments, medication and DSM-5 classification will be collected from the patient*s medical file with their consent. The Dutch version of the Autonomy-Connectedness Scale-30 (ACS-30) was used to measure autonomy (Bekker & Van Assen, 2006, 2008). This scale consists out of 30 items using a 7 point Likert-scale ranging from *completely disagree* to *completely agree*., The Dutch version of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) was used to measure social anxiety (Mattick & Clarke, 1998). This scale consists out of 19 items using a 5 point scale ranging from *not at all* to *a lot*. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed