hersenactivatie brain activation brain signalling
Conditions
Interventions
During fMRI, sweet and savory odors will be presented using an olfactometer.
Accompanying visual cues will be used to create an e-cigarette and food
context. Ratings for odor liking, intensity of od
Sponsors
Wageningen Universiteit
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Be susceptible to e-cigarette use (for definition, see *C1 Research Protocol*) - Be smoker or non-smoker (for definition, see *C1 Research Protocol*) - Normal olfactory function according to the Sniffin* Sticks identification test (>=12 correct answers out of 16) - Good proficiency of the Dutch and/or English language - Right-handed - Aged 18-55 years at the time of inclusion - Normal BMI (between 18.5-25 kg/m2) - Healthy as defined by the *F1_1 General screening questionnaire* - Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology and approving of reporting this to their general physician - Willing to refrain from using drugs other than tobacco and alcohol for one week before the test session
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Dislike the odors under investigation - Allergic or hyper sensitive reaction to yoghurt - The use of prescribed or non-prescribed medication in the month prior to the test session, other than occasional use of pain medication (such as paracetamol and NSAID*s) or oral contraceptives - Have a history of drug or alcohol dependence - Have a psychiatric, neurological, or eating disorder or chronic medical condition - Be employed by the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University or doing an MSc internship/writing a thesis at the Sensory Science and Eating Behavior chair group within the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University - Participation in another medical-scientific study (except for EetMeetWeet) - Claustrophobic (self-report) - Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning, including but not limited to non-removable piercings, a pacemaker, or ferromagnetic implants - Limited sight that is not corrected with contact lenses or cannot be corrected with our MRI safe glasses (maximum strength is +6 and -6) - For women: lactating, being pregnant, or using a IUD as anti-conceptive (with exception of the Mirena IUD).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary study parameter is the brain response to odors in reward-related brain areas, measured with fMRI. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Secondary study parameters are quantitative ratings for odor liking, intensity of odor sweetness, intensity of odor savoriness, and willingness to try the e-cigarette/food product obtained using a continuous 100-unit visual analogue scale (VAS). Other secundary study parameters are questionnaires outcomes about reward sensitivity, impulsivity, sensitivity to food cues, smoking and vaping characteristics, and other parameters such as age, gender, history of e-cigarette use, and intention to quit smoking. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed