Elective mutisme (ICD-10) Selective mutisme (DSM-5)
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Universiteit Leiden
Eligibility
Age
2 Years to 11 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a subject must meet all of the following criteria:All children: Both parents signed informed consent Adequate command of the Dutch language Age between 4,0 and 8,11 years Selective mutism group: Diagnosis selective mutism Confirmed diagnosis based on the Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ; Bergman, Keller, Piacentini, & Bergman, 2008; Letamendi et al., 2008) and the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-IV; Silverman & Albano, 1996).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:All children: History of brain trauma or neurological illness Hearing problemsSelective mutism group: Mutism as a result of other pathology, for example, severe speech, language, or attachment disorder or trauma.Typically developing children: Concern about psychopathology reported by parents on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Endpoints: • (Social) Anxiety as expressed in heart-rate and skin conductance measures (% change in beats per minute (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), pre-ejection period (PEP), Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance level) • Social information processing, as expressed in the duration and fixation towards social stimuli measured with eyetracking. • Level of stress as expressed in HPA-axis responsivity (baseline cortisol level (saliva), cortisol reactivity levels (saliva), chronical cortisol levels (hair) • Performance on (neuro)psychological test scores (accuracy, reaction times) • Behavioural reports using questionnaires in Qualtrics (sumscores) • Behaviour observations (video recorded) (sumscores) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Differences in the variables between groups (listed below) may either cause or mask differences on variables of interest and therefore need to be controlled for. Child*s background information: • Age • Gender • Immigrant status • Multilingualism • Confirming clinical diagnoses using a structured parental interview i.e., Subscale selective mutism of ADIS (dichotome score) Parents background information: • Level of anxiety and stress parents • Socioeconomic status (SES) | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed